Answe qustions in ethics policy adminstration Essay - 1

Answe qustions in morals strategy adminstration - Essay Example I am likewise required to guarantee that they are educated regarding all the right strategies and about any misappropriation of authentic obligations My duties to my subordinates incorporates dispersal of data with respect to work worldview, moral contemplations, rules and guidelines and anticipated result. They are relied upon to follow the characterized forms and guarantee that work is done inside the cutoff time. I have enormous obligations to the open who help to pay our pay rates. My duties are to guarantee open divulgence of our budgetary records and advance straightforwardness in our work with the goal that open knows how the work is practiced in various territories of open interests. Above all, open is qualified for know about its own obligations and in this way it is additionally essential to make mindfulness among the individuals with respect to how they can turn out to be progressively dynamic proactive members in formative works and socially pertinent issues. (words:

just wait Essay

simply hold up Essay simply hold up Essay Simply Wait such huge numbers of our little youngsters are having babies when they’re just infants themselves. Youngsters don't understand the results of bringing a real existence into this world. There are such a large number of obligations and hardships to having a child that our youngsters don't understand till it’s past the point of no return. TV and online networking make having an infant look fun and simple, yet in all actuality there is significantly more to it. They don't uncover the evening time renewals, crying, cleaning obligations, and the various troublesome obligations that accompany having a child. Sure children are adorable and adorable, yet they are disobediently an obligation regarding adulthood. Children’s little bodies are simply not prepared to birth a kid when they are that youthful. There body isn't finished developing and it is simply not beneficial to get your body through such injury. Women’s hips are not spread and her body isn't sufficiently grown to birth a youngster. In 2011 329, 797 infants were conceived from youngsters; live births in America have gone down 8 percent from 2010. Just 50 percent of teenager mothers finish secondary school, and 90 percent of youngsters under 16 years won't finish. Youngster guardians are additionally less inclined to attend a university which diminishes their activity rates and makes your salary low. You can't give your infant all you need to give when you’re not monetarily steady, it is more rationale to pause and become stable before adding an extraordinary cost to your spending plan. Fathers of infants are less inclined to be required as a high schooler. Young men development level is a lot of lower than young ladies, and they are not compelled to remain and convey the child like the young ladies. So not exclusively do teenager mothers need to bring up a youngster and take on a gigantic

I can tell that we are gonna be friends (part 1)

I can tell that we are gonna be friends (part 1) Soremember that time, way back at the end of first semester, when I went to take my 8.012 final exam and had a sort-of-awkward encounter with Alan Guth? If you dont, quick synopsis: my section hadnt received our exams when the test started, so (all stressed out) I ran up to a random proctor and explained the situation; he suggested that I was in the wrong building, which irked me (in the wrong building for my first final exam at MIT? please.) and I informed him that um, yes. 8.012 is DEFINITELY in this building, and we DEFINITELY do not have exams. Ten seconds later, I realized that the random proctor looked familiar because he was the father of the inflationary theory of the universe and figured, in a stunned daze, that this would be the closest I would get to a one-on-one conversation with him. Apparently not. Fast forward to a couple of weeks ago, when I was staying at my friend Daniels house in New Jersey. I opened my computer, and found an e-mail that read: Professor Alan Guth has agreed to serve as your advisor. Please use him as a resource for helping you make the most of your time at MIT, and for working towards completion of your Physics degree. Please do stop by and see your advisor on registration day. I shrieked and slammed my computer shut. I sheepishly opened it up again, re-read the e-mail, and confirmed that it still said Alan Guth. At the bottom of the e-mail, Professor Guths e-mail address, fax number, phone number, office number, and home address* were listed. *That part is a lie. I do not actually have Alan Guths home address. However, its worth mentioning that for a number of people here, office number and home address are not entirely distinct. At this point, Ill take a little detour and explain the student side of how advisors are assigned, at least in the physics department. I had to send in a form and indicate: 1) Whether Im more interested in experimental or theoretical physics (or whether Im not sure yet/have no strong preference) 2) Whether I have an interest in astrophysics, and/or atomic and optical physics, and/or biophysics, and/or condensed matter physics, and/or particle physics, and/or plasma physics, and/or other, or am not sure yet/have no strong preference. 3) What advice I hope to receive from my advisor (ex. course requirements, how to plan a career in physics, finding a UROP) I honestly dont remember what I put, but I do know that I specified an interest in astrophysics, which is probably a large part of the reason I was assigned Alan Guth. Anyway, detour over. My immediate response to the message from the physics department was to e-mail my mom. I quote: OH MY GOD. I JUST GOT AN E-MAIL FROM THE PHYSICS DEPARTMENT. ALAN GUTH IS MY ADVISOR. I. AM. FREAKING. OUT. I sprinted downstairs, came to a screeching halt 2 millimeters from the screen door (phew), flung it open, and waved my hands in the air like a crazy person. Daniels mom: Shes excited about something! Affirmative. I spewed exclamations (no idea if they were even words) for a couple of minutes, before Daniel interrupted with: do you think hell remember you as the girl who yelled at him at the 8.012 final? Correction. I did not yell at Alan Guth. I just firmly requested that I receive my exam paper. Another friend responded to my news with Hell yeah. Downside is, he might be too busy to advise (?) I admit that the thought had crossed my mind lurking somewhere beneath the this is the greatest thing ever! I began having second thoughts. Lets be honest: Alan Guth is probably a very busy man. According to his faculty page, he has explored the question of whether it is in principle possible to ignite inflation in a hypothetical laboratory, thereby creating a new universe and Im going to ask him to take the time to explore, with me, the question of whether it is in principle possible to major in physics, fulfill pre-med requirements, do UROPs in observatories and labs, then go on to medical school and become a neurologist. In one very-not-hypothetical lifetime. Hes unravelling the fabric of the cosmos, and Im going to walk into his office and unravel into a babbling incoherent mess about how I think everything is interesting and dont know what to do with my life and can barely decide what flavor of ice cream to get, let alone pick classes. Uhright. What if thats just an annoying chore for him, to do along with his *actual, world-changing* work? I expressed my concern to a couple of physics upperclassmen earlier this week, when we were sitting in a room grading the 8.01 Advanced Standing Examination. Me: Sodoes anyone here have Alan Guth as an advisor? *Silence* Random Girl: Wait, WHAT? GUTH? Dude. GUTH IS THE MAN. Me: is he? Random Girl: YES. GUUUUUTH! Me: Random Guy: I took a class with him. Me: Is he nice? Random Guy: Oh, yeah. Hes a really nice guy. Really friendly. Random Girl: Yes! Hes SO nice, and really helpful! GUTH IS THE MAN! That was a huge relief to hear. I guess I wont know any of this for sure until the school year begins and I actually begin meeting with him but I have hope. Earlier today, I got an e-mail from Alan about our first advising meeting. He signed the e-mail Alan. Eek.  Maybe Ill waltz in on Sept 6 and say ALAN! Hello, Alan. Can I call you Al? On second thoughts, maybe I wont, because he might not catch my reference to the movie Aladdin. Apologies for all the fangirlism, but Im really excited.

School Safety, Police Response, And Cell Phones Usage...

As I read through Columbine by Dave Cullen, there were many aspects of this tragedy that made me feel sad, frustrated and angry about the events that led up to and occurred on that day. Columbine is something you have heard about, read articles about and seen how it has changed the public school systems since that tragic day occurred. You do not realize the true impact that day had until you read this book. It gives you a true prospective on the importance of school safety, police response, media response and cell phones usage during a crisis. Organizing to write this paper, it was hard to gather all my thoughts and keep my emotions in check when describing how the book made me feel. The first thing that struck me was how emergency response teams were not prepared for Columbine because it was one of the first major shootings with the involvement of cell phones in schools. It was amazing the number of phone calls that were generated into 911 centers because of students having cell phones many students gave up calling 911 and started to call the local media. I hope now we are prepared for the amount of information that comes into a center because of the increase of social media and cell phones, but it opened my eye on how that was one of the first shootings that a specific call center had to deal with such volume. I was amazed at the mass confusing it caused media, firefighters, parents and law enforcement. It was very upsetting to read â€Å"outside it was mayhem: choppersShow MoreRelatedCoffee and Crisis Management Team21317 Words   |  86 PagesCoffee Company Crisis Case - Part I Dr. Phillip G. 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A Brief Literature Review of Qualitative Research Free Essays

string(154) " authoritative publications of the Oregon State Occupational Safety and Safety Administration for first hand information on the industries of his choice\." The application of qualitative research to social science studies has received mixed reviews. Some social scientists subscribe wholeheartedly to the use of qualitative research as a counterpoise to the traditional quantitative research methodology, which has been the vogue in social science research. Other social scientists however question the application of qualitative research to social science studies. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief Literature Review of Qualitative Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some reviewers, for example, question the appropriateness in retrospective evaluation of programs of programs in organizational change (Blackler and Brown, 1983, p.  349). Other reviewers of the same research argue that good qualitative evaluation â€Å"entails close and continuous involvement with the process of change. † Blacker and Brown employed qualitative research methodology in their study of retrospective evaluation of programs of organizational change. They concluded that â€Å"unlike some natural science paradigms, competing paradigms should not be thought of as mutually exclusive† in application of qualitative research in social science. (Blacker and Brown, ibid) Crawford titled his paper ‘Putting money in research pays: How companies large and small – benefit from research plans’. In it he discussed the advantages gained by business enterprises in the United States of America through both quantitative and qualitative research. (Crawford 2006). Dale in his study: ‘Partnering with management to implement ergonomics in the industrial workplace’, concluded that for implementation of any research to be effective in changing workers’ attitude, there must be effective collaboration between the researcher and the management of the industrial establishment. (Dale, 2004). Harris in his article entitled: ‘Business to Business comes of age in qualitative research’, highlights the use of modern information technology in advancing the frontier of qualitative research in business and industry. It is Harris’s opinion that use of such technology as teleconferencing will not only ensure objectivity in data collection, but can allow the researcher to administer his protocol to large respondents at the same time. (Harris, 1995) The role of qualitative methodology in ergonomics is discussed by Hignett in his paper ’Theoretical Issues to Ergonomics Science’ Here, a four stage sampling method of qualitative research was used in the interview of academics and management practitioners to gain their views on all areas of ergonomics. (Hignett and Wilson, 2004). Karami, Rowley and Analoni studied some research methodologies used in generating knowledge for management through research. They concluded that whereas earlier research was skewed in favor of quantitative methodology, present day studies tend to favor qualitative research methods. (Karami et al 2006). McPhee employed a qualitative research approach to his study of the organizational behavior of business practice in Europe. He concluded that although until recently, the pyramidical hierarchy structure was the norm in organizational framework of European companies, globalization of the world economy has forced many European firms to employ qualitative research in their transition to a more democratic organizational arrangement (McPhee, 2002). Russell in his paper titled ‘Dangerous Intersections’ x-rays the use of qualitative research as a tool in the campaign sponsored by an insurance company. The thrust of the campaign was on awareness, education and safety promotion within the United States. (Russell, F. 2002). Yates in his paper drew attention to the opportunities which practitioners in business communications now have to shift emphasis away from quantitative methods to qualitative methodology in their research. (Yates, J. 1993). This brief literature review leads us to the analysis of the qualitative research methodology employed by Maximillian Brown in his dissertation titled: ‘Trust, Power and Work place democracy: Safety and Health Works Councils in Oregon’. Description of Methodology: In analyzing the qualitative research methodologies used in ‘The Brown Dissertation’ salient aspects of each methodology will be highlighted. The sum total of the evaluation of the ‘Brown Dissertation’ will reflect the contributions of all the different paradigms to the overall results of the qualitative research. The following are the research methods employed by Brown for his case studies. †¢ Preliminary contacts with employees and management in of target firms selected for his studies in the summer of 2002. †¢ Actual interviews took place in Fall 2002. †¢ Designing of research project. †¢ Gaining access to the worksites †¢ Process of actual interviews. Preparation for Field Work In order to become familiar with the environment of his research, Brown became an insider of the work stations. Brown used his membership of the Safety Committee in his university, and participated actively in its programs in order to gain first hand information on the philosophy underlying the Safety Committee operations. Moreover, in order to have a comprehensive knowledge of the safety operations in his university, he sought and obtained permission to attend meetings of those safety subcommittees in which he was not a member. Furthermore, brown received training conducted by the State of Oregon in safety committee operations. By his own admission, Brown’s experiences as a member and active participant in safety committee meetings strongly influenced his research design and the process of conducting interviews with his subjects. The oral questions put to his subjects were structured along the lines of his experience as a participant rather than an outsider. Being an insider conferred on him certain advantages which he utilized in preparation of his research protocols. Brown was able to ask questions which were directed at specific areas of operation of the safety councils; which an outsider might not be privy to. Brown also gained leverage on his subjects by being knowledgeable about their schedule of duties. More so, Brown’s membership of a university committee whose functions are similar to those of the subjects of his enquiry influenced his tailoring his questions to more specific subject matters which an outsider will not be aware of. Brown’s research protocols were gleaned from Richard Freeman and Joel Rogers book with the title: ‘What Workers want’ which was published in 1999. Furthermore, Brown had gained prior and valuable hands-on experience of the workings of the industries in which he was to later conduct his qualitative research. After choosing two very different industries in which he wanted to conduct his research, Brown set out to get a working knowledge of these industries. He relied heavily on authoritative publications of the Oregon State Occupational Safety and Safety Administration for first hand information on the industries of his choice. You read "A Brief Literature Review of Qualitative Research" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" These publications complemented his own practical experience in one of the industries; while filling the gaps in his knowledge of the other. With these preparations, Brown was thus able to formulate intelligent questions for his target interviewees. Brown acknowledged the obvious fact that an outsider cannot know as much about a factory as those who work in the place. As an icing on his cake, the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) assisted Brown to select target factories relevant to his research. Visits to Target Factories Brown approached his target audience in three stages. He first made preliminary visits to the factories in order to get himself familiar with the people and places where he was to conduct his research. His initial visit to each of the two factories afforded Brown the opportunity to conduct background checks on the facilities available in the factories. Some of the background information he had earlier obtained from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration website came in handy during his preliminary visits. From OSHA website he had obtain vital statistics about each factory. These included the number of employees in each factory, products manufactured, and the mission statement of each organization on their safety and health programs. The next stage of his approach was to make a preparatory visit to each factory. He was able to obtain a tour of each factory. He also used the opportunity of the preparatory visit to collect in-house documents which came in handy to him while preparing his research protocols. These documents included minutes of committee meetings, training materials, and other records germane to his investigations. Brown’s subsequent visits represented the third and last phase of his plan. This was the stage at which he conducted open-ended interviews to representatives of both management and labor in the premises of the two factories earlier chosen. Equal numbers of representatives of labor and management were interviewed. The interviews were conducted in private. The identities of those interviewed were kept confidential as per university policies on such matters. After explaining the purpose of the research project to the subjects, their written consent was individually obtained before the interview started. Since his project was targeted at the safety policies and practices in the selected factories, only members of the safety committees were interviewed. The interviews which were conducted in a free and friendly manner, employed the ‘active interview’ format designed by Holstein and Gubrium. (Holstein and Gubrium, 1995). In this interview approach, subjects were asked questions which had been prepared in form of a protocol. At the onset, subjects were asked general questions pertaining to their working experiences at the factory. Subjects were also asked questions of personal interest to the respondents with respect to the issue central to the research This phase formed the preliminary stage as formulated by Holstein and Gubrium. The next set of questions centered on the perception of the respondents regarding the effectiveness of the program of the committee in which they were members. The subjects were asked of the perception of their fellow workers on their election or selection into the committee. This formed the overview question stage of the interview. The next stage of the interview centered on training. The respondents were asked to assess the depth and relevance of the training which they received towards performance of their duties as committee members. Questions on the perceived quality of the content of their training, the methods of dissemination of information and the net change effect of the training on the participants, concluded the set of questions on training. The next set of questions for the subjects, centered on the meetings of the committee. Subjects were asked to analyze the interpersonal relations among members of the committee, the atmosphere of the meetings; the procedures adopted during the meetings and the dissemination of information to members before and after each meeting. The last set of specific questions put to the subjects was on the authority granted the committee by management, and the influence of the committee on management. They were questioned on how they communicated the decisions arrived at their meetings to management, and the effect of their recommendations on management policies. Subjects were also asked to give their views on the industrial atmosphere of their work place, and specifically on the labor and management relations; whether they were cordial, or if there were unresolved issues dividing the two parties. Finally, subjects were asked whether they felt a sense of power by their membership of the committee. Evaluation of Brown’s Qualitative Research Methodology The methodologies applied by Brown in his dissertation are identifiable and well structured. They follow the pattern of a well organized qualitative research project. Preliminary work was done in two main areas. Relevant literature was searched and the context applied as and when necessary, as per specifications in the original publication. For example, the method of interview was patterned after the universally accepted standard procedure of Holstein and Gubrium termed:†Active Interviews† (Holstein and Gubrium,1995). The use of ‘Active Interviews’ by Brown was appropriate to the qualitative research design in his case study. A lot of preliminary work was done by Brown, in order to identify firms at which to carry out his research study. Background studies were first carried out on these companies. Where the researcher felt that he had insufficient experience and inadequate knowledge and information, necessary recourse was made to authoritative state government publications on the subject of his research. Initial visits to the premises of the firms under study, were made by Brown. He got himself familiarized with both the staff and the environment of the factories where he planned to administer his qualitative research protocol. Those initial visits afforded him the opportunity to interact with representatives of both labor and management. The visits also afforded him the chance to obtain their consent and cooperation. Brown prepared his interview protocols in two similar sets, one for employees and the other for managements of the firms under study. The research protocols were well structured in such a way as to first put general questions to his subjects. From the responses elicited from the respondents, more specific questions relevant to the subject matter of the study were then put to the subjects. This pattern of questioning is in line with the Holstein and Gubium process of ‘active interviews’. Maximillian Brown’s success in putting his subjects at ease at this initial stage, helped him to take the interview to a less formal and friendlier conversational atmosphere. Subsequent pieces of information obtained from the respondents were then given freely and honestly without pressure. Brown’s approach evidently made for more reliable and truthful answers to the interviewer’s questions. With the active cooperation of the subjects, Brown was able to plumb the depths of the activities of the safety committees under study, to arrive at a more reliable assessment of their functions, and the perceptions of members of the committee on the relevance and importance of their work on the committee. Limitations and Weaknesses of Brown’s Qualitative Research Methodology By his own admission, Brown recognized that there are some obvious limitations and weaknesses in the methodology he employed in the qualitative research for his dissertation. Three of these weaknesses, Brown identified as follows: Problems of trust, accuracy in record keeping, and validity of subjects responses. Unless the interviewer is able to scale the wall of distrust erected between him and his subject during the interview, the information gathered from the respondent will be suspect. According to McCracken, lack of trust between interviewer and respondent will restrict the interview to a mere formality. â€Å"The intimacy required for the two parties to move from formal to informal conversational style will be inhibited. †(McCracken,1988). Hence the first objective of an interviewer is to gain the trust of the interviewee. Right from the onset, the interviewer needs to establish a friendly rapport with his subjects even before the interview is scheduled. Brown admitted his lack of familiarity with his subjects, which made some of them to give curt and perfunctory replies to his questions. Secondly, Brown’s inability to import a reliable means of recording his interviews made his transcripts of such interviews less than accurate. The third problem of validity of his subjects’ responses, Brown admits to be his most difficult. There is no easy solution to the issue of whether a respondent is truthful, except perhaps to administer a lie-detector test to each respondent before the interview, as a method of pre screening all participants. Applications of Brown’s Qualitative Research Methodology The research methodology of ‘active interviews’ adopted by Brown in his dissertation generated valuable in formation on the social interactions within an industrial environment. In spite of its limitations and shortcomings, Brown’s qualitative research methodology provides a suitable and reliable template on which further research study can be undertaken to obtain knowledge of the interpersonal relationships within an industrial workplace. By using modern information technological innovations like teleconferencing and remote control recording devices, greater objectivity can be introduced into Brown’s qualitative research methodology. (Harris,1995). Overall, the methodology employed in Maximillian Brown’s dissertation can be validly adopted in qualitative research studies for dissertations and other quality academic publications. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Blackler, F. H. M. , Brown, C. A. (1983), Qualitative Research and Paradigms of Practice, Journal of Management Studies, 20(3), 349-366. 2. Crawford, A. P. (2006). Putting money into research pays: How companies — large and small — benefit from research plans, Public Relations Tactics, 13(8), 20-20 3. Dale, L. (2004). Partnering with management to implement ergonomics in the industrial, Work, 22(2), 117-124. 4. Freeman, Richard B. , and Joel Rogers. 1999. What Workers Want. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. French, Carroll E. 1923. â€Å"The Shop Committee in the United States. † Johns HopkinsUniversity Studies in History and Political Science. 41: 107-207. 5. Harris, L. M. , (1995), Business-to-business comes of age in qualitative research, Marketing News, 29(12), 17-17 6. Hignett, S. , Wilson, R. (2004), The role for qualitative methodology in ergonomics: a case study to explore theoretical issues, Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 5(6), 473-493 7. Holstein, James A. , and Jaber F. Gubrium. 1995. The Active Interview. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications 8. Karami, A. , Rowley, J. , Analoui, F. (2006), Research and Knowledge Building in Management Studies: An Analysis of Methodological Preferences, International Journal of Management, 23(1), 436-52. 9. McCracken, Grant. 1988. The Long Interview. Newbury Park,CA: SAGE Publications. 10. McPhee, N. (2002). Gaining insight on business and organisational behaviour: the qualitative dimension, International Journal of Market Research, 44(1), 53-70. 11. Russell, F. (2000). Dangerous intersections, Marketing News, 34(5), 18-18. 12. Yates, J. (1993), The Opportunity of Qualitative Research, Journal of Business Communication, 30(2), 1999-200 How to cite A Brief Literature Review of Qualitative Research, Essays

Wealth Management Centre and International Relations

Question: Discuss about the Wealth Management Centre and International Relations. Answer: Introduction In case of Singapore, withholding tax is a mechanism that has been used by the government of Singapore to collect income tax from the nonresident corporate who are functioning in the country. In the country, it is the responsibility of the receiver to pay the amount of tax. However, as provided in the law, the payer is responsible to withhold the amount of tax on behalf of the receiver and deposit the same to the government. However, as per the tax authorities of the Singapore, the amount of tax is likely to be withholding only in the case of the nonresident. The payer is not supposed to make any deduction in relation to the payment that is being made to a resident. Thus, it is important to determine the residential status of the corporate well in advance to make any deduction in relation to withholding tax (HussainandManaf 2016). Purpose of Withholding tax Numerous payments are matter to withholding tax. The Section 12 (6) of Singapore Income tax act, it is stated that any amount of interest, commission and technical fees that has been paid to the non-resident by a resident of the country in relation to any loan or indebtedness or under any arrangement is subject to withholding tax. The main source of the income should lie within the country itself, the payer is expected to deduct withholding tax on the amount that has been paid in to the nonresident (Tinget al. 2016). However, if the activities such as loan or indebtedness has been carried out by the nonresident outside Singapore, then in that case, the same will not fall under the purview of section 12 (6). In this case, the payer is expected to deduct withholding tax at the rate of 15% from the amount that has been paid in to the non-resident. As per section 12(7) of Singapore Income tax act states that any payment that has been made in relation to royalty or any other amount that has been paid in relation to acquire right to use a movable asset/property which has been deemed to be sourced in Singapore, will be eligible for withholding tax by the resident. In this case, the payer is expected to deduct withholding tax at the rate of 10% from the amount that has been paid in to the non-resident (BraunerandBaez Moreno 2015). As per section 12 (7) (b) of the Singapore Income tax act, any payment that has been made by the resident in relation to any kind of technical or scientific knowhow which has been sourced in Singapore to the non-resident would be eligible for withholding tax (Dyrenget al. 2015). Application of Withholding tax The section 12(7) (c) of the Singapore Income Tax Act provides that any payments that have been paid for the management or assistance in trade, business and profession is known as management fees. If the source of the management fees is in Singapore and the payments are made to a nonresident then it is mandated that the tax should be withheld. The rules relating to payment to related parties has been clarified in the year 1977 (Gandhiet al. 2016). It is stated that if the payment is made to parties that are related as well as unrelated parties as the management fees then in this case the section 12(7) (c) will not be applicable. For this there are two conditions that must be full filled, the first condition is that the expenditure is made at the arms length, the service is provided outside of Singapore and it was not the intention to avoid tax in Singapore. The withholding tax in this case that is applicable is 17% (Caruana-Galiziaand and Caruana-Galizia 2016). The section 12(7) (d) of the Singapore Income Tax Assessment Act stated that rent or other payments related to the use of movable property is taken to be sourced from Singapore. If the moveable property is of a resident of Singapore or the expense is deductible from the income of a taxpayer of Singapore (Johannesenand Zucman 2014). It is important to make a distinction between the rent that is received from the use of movable property and that of immovable property. The withholding tax is applied on rent received from the movable property but not immovable property. The other expenditure that is subject to withholding tax is of different types. The payments that are made to directors that are nonresidents are subject to withholding tax. The withholding tax rate of 20% is applicable in this case. The payments that have been made for the purchase of real property to a nonresident trader of property are subject to withholding tax (Kwan et al. 2016). The payments that have been made to professionals that are nonresident are subject to withholding tax. This includes coaches, consultants, trainers and others. The payments that have been made to public entertainers that are not residents of Singapore are subject to withholding tax (Foster 2014).The real estate investment trust distribution is subject to withholding tax. The withholding tax is also applicable for the withdrawals by the nonresidents from the supplementary retirement scheme. This application of withholding taxes can be explained with the help of examples. If an entity in Singapore obtains loan from foreign bank and the entity has to pay interest on that loan. In such a situation the withholding tax is required to be deducted at the time of making payment. The organization in Singapore some time pays royalty income then in such case the withholding tax should be deducted. There are few companies that are required to hire consultants then in such case withholding tax are required to be deducted from their income. Consequences of defaulting withholding tax payments If the taxpayer makes a default in making the payment of the withholding tax, then in that case he will be eligible for the penalties that will be imposed on him by virtue of section 45 of the SITA. As per section 45 (1), the amount that has been deducted by the person will be treated as debt to the government. If the person fails to make the payment of the tax amount, then in that case, the tax amount will be recovered from the person in the manner provided in section 89 of the act (Morita 2015). Further, if the payer fails to deduct the amount of withholding tax, then as per section 45 (1), the tax amount will be recovered from him. As per the income tax act, if the person fails to make the payment of the withholding tax to the government, then in that case, he would be liable to pay a penalty equivalent of three times of the amount of tax. In addition to this a fine of not exceeding $10,000 or a n imprisonment of a period not exceeding three years or even both. On the other hand, it is expected from the resident to make a timely payment of the tax amount. If the person fails to make the payment within the due date, he would be eligible for interest which may range maximum to 20% (Nooret al. 2016). Exemptions on withholding tax There are certain payments that if being made in by the resident to the non-resident, no withholding tax will be deducted. Specified software payments: As per the provision of tax laws, the software payments will be covered under the royalty section and thus will be eligible for withholding tax. However, few specified payments are being exempted from withholding taxation (Araki and Claus 2014). These expenses are software related to shrink-wrap, softwaredownloadableby end-users, softwares that are bundled with hardware and the right or use of scientist, industrial, technical knowledge and the digitized goods by the end users. Further, any payment that has been made to the non-resident in relation to satellite of space will be exempt from the purview of withholding tax. Any payment that has been by the non-resident by the resident for the use of international submarine cable capacity, including expenditure for Indefeasible Rights of Use withinFebruary 2003 to February 2013, will be exempt from the concept of withholding tax (Masui 2016). Any payment that has been made apart from the above specified period will be subject to withholding tax at the rate of 15%. As per the tax laws, the person who has deducted the withholding tax on behalf of the nonresident, is required to pay off the amount by 15th of the month after the date on that the payment has been made to the nonresident (Austin 2015). Case Law (ACC v Comptroller of Income Tax [2010] SGHC 316) As per the case law, the SG Co. was a company incorporated in Singapore and has overseas subsidiaries which carry out the business of leasing the aircraft. The amount of rent was fixed and thus in order to protect themselves from the interest rate fluctuations risk the company entered into IRS transactions (Wiedemannand Finke 2015). The SG Co was not deducting any tax on the IRS payments that has been made to the subsidiaries and the receipts that have been made from the bank were not in the tax bracket for the SG Co. in Singapore. The Comptroller did not accept this action of the company and he asked company to pay the withholding tax for the IRS payments. Later on, the high court decided that being the payment that has been made by the company was not in connection with any loan or indebtedness. Thus, there is no requirement of deduction of withholding tax. Critical analysis of the effectiveness of withholding tax Based on the above discussion, the concept of withholding tax has been a revenue generating exercise for the Singapore government. In Singapore, the outflows of overseas transactions are relatively on a higher side. In that case, the withholding tax has been provided a great platform which can be used by the government for collecting tax.In the current scenario, the withholding tax has been the area which has not been taken up seriously by the individuals as well by some of the corporate. In that the government has imposed heavy penalties in this case, as result of which the corporate and individuals operating in Singapore should be aware of the tax law obligation. Being in case of withholding tax, the entire burden falls on the nonresident, he should be very well aware of the legal obligations and the exemptions that would be applicable in this case. At times where the income is not eligible for the withholding tax, the nonresident should be aware about that and should be filling th e tax return to claim refund for the amount that has been deducted in his or her name. All this process has been done with an intention to stream line the tax collection process, reduce the yearend tax burden on the nonresident, and maintain the cash flow position of the nonresident. There are certain opportunities to make improvements in the withholding tax system in order to help nonresident tax payers and making the system more effective.The improvements can be made in the system so to ensure that the Form C is completed accurately. The system should be developed so that proper documentation can be maintained and penalties can be avoided. Further steps can be taken to reduce the tax liability of thoseresident taxpayers that have to pay withholding tax on behalf of the nonresidents in certain circumstances. The information system should be improved so that the taxpayers can have informations about treaties so that they can reduce their tax liability. The above-mentioned improvements if implemented will increase the effectiveness of section 45 of SITA or the withholding tax system. Conclusion Based on the above discussion it can be concluded that the withholding tax plays an important role in the economy of Singapore. On criticalevaluation, it can be seen that the system of withholding tax has helped in increasing the revenue of the government. Therefore, it can be concluded that the information relating to withholding tax should be shared to the resident and nonresident taxpayers for proper implementation of the system. References ACCA Global, 2012, Understanding withholding tax rules in Singapore, Viewed on 20th Jan 2017, and Retrieved from https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-students/2012/sa_apr11_f6sgp_withholding.pdf Araki, S. and Claus, I., 2014.A Comparative Analysis on Tax Administration in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank. Austin, I.P., 2015. Becoming a Wealth Management Centre and International Relations Implications: The Singapore Policy Approach and Global and Regional Responses.Japanese Journal of Political Science,16(4), p.532. Brauner, Y. and Baez Moreno, A., 2015. Withholding Taxes in the Service of BEPS Action 1: Address the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy. Caruana-Galizia, P. and Caruana-Galizia, M., 2016. Offshore financial activity and tax policy: evidence from a leaked data set.Journal of Public Policy,36(03), pp.457-488. Dyreng, S.D., Lindsey, B.P., Markle, K.S. and Shackelford, D.A., 2015. The effect of tax and nontax country characteristics on the global equity supply chains of US multinationals.Journal of Accounting and Economics,59(2), pp.182-202. Foster, M., 2014.Withholding tax on services: a square peg in a round hole?: an analysis of intra-group cross border services in the context of source, related transfer pricing principles and witholding taxes(Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town). Gandhi, R.H., Trivedi, U., Chandak, G. and Calvin, J., 2016. Changes to India-Mauritius Tax Treaty Affect Investors.Journal of Taxation of Investments,34(1). Hussain, H. and Manaf, N.A.A., 2016. Revisiting the Public Ruling Relating to Withholding Tax for Better Compliance. IRAS.Gov, Withholding Tax Rates, Viewed on 20th Jan 2017, and Retrieved from https://www.iras.gov.sg/irashome/Other-Taxes/Withholding-tax/Non-resident-companies/Withholding-Tax-Rates/ Johannesen, N. and Zucman, G., 2014. The end of bank secrecy? An evaluation of the G20 tax haven crackdown.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,6(1), pp.65-91. Kwan, C.Y., Bali, A.S. and Asher, M.G., 2016. Organization and Reporting of Public Financial Accounts: Insights and Policy Implications from the Singapore Budget.Australian Journal of Public Administration,75(4), pp.409-423. Masui, Y., 2016. Interaction between Tax Treaties and Domestic Law in JapanThe Role of a Coordinating Statute. Morita, K., 2015. Advance Tax Payments And Tax Evasion: A Note.The Singapore Economic Review,60(05), p.1450050. Noor, R.M., Kasim, N., Dangi, M.R.M. and Kadir, Z.A., 2016. Policy and Compliance Issues of Tax System for Shariah Equities, Islamic Finance and Zakat Reporting in Malaysia. InContemporary Issues and Development in the Global Halal Industry(pp. 445-455). Springer Singapore. PWC.com, 2010, ACC v Comptroller of Income Tax, Viewed on 20th Jan 2017, and Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/sg/en/tax-bulletin/assets/taxbulletin201011.pdf Ting, A., Faccio, T. and Kadet, J.M., 2016. Effects of Australia's MAAL and DPT on Internet-Based Businesses. Wiedemann, V. and Finke, K., 2015.Taxing investments in the Asia-Pacific region: The importance of cross-border taxation and tax incentives(No. 15-014). ZEW Discussion Papers.

Playboy of the Western World free essay sample

The Playboy of the Western World gains its title from the scene in which Christy cant be beaten in play at any of the village sports, hence he becomes the playboy. The phrase of the Western World leads the way into Synges theme of Irish mythmaking, then still especially noticeable in unsophisticated peasant groups. With the inclusion of this phrase, the myth of the playboy encompasses the whole world. Mythmaking deviates from reality, as is made clear by the stretch of the title: Irish village game championship cant possibly trump an entire world of athletes. Synge isnt discussing a universal theme but rather exposing a particularly Irish theme, that of mythmaking. The play opened in January of 1907 at Yeatss Irish Literary Theatre to outraged indignation and riots but over the course of the twentieth century has gained ever greater currency among critics. Had Yeats not held a public debate on the concept of artistic freedom, The Playboy may have died an ignoble death. We will write a custom essay sample on Playboy of the Western World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As it happens, though, the play has by later critics been called the most rich and copious store of character since Shakespeare’’ (P. P. Howe) and a play riotous with the quick rush of life, a tempest of the passions (Charles A. Bennett). These seem to be the reasons that The Playboy of the Western World has current appeal. Whereas original audiences cared about morality and decorous representations of peoples and countries, the increasing and ever increasing reach for realism, ethnic diversity and authentic representations has brought The Playboy into vogue because it was the avant garde and the precursor of what is presently valued and sought after: unveiled realism. Incidentally, one might argue that this unveiled realism, which is the idol of the present milieu, has been carried so far that realism is now a fancy in that it is a reality beyond reality and that it carries such clout that it is creating new reality (of questionable benefit) in its wake, which is a divergent reality from the realism that Synge depicted after living with, studying and capturing in three acts the cultural and psychological realities on the Aran Islands, from which he derived The Playboy of the Western World.

5 Ways to Establish Your Writing Practice - Freewrite Store

5 Ways to Establish Your Writing Practice - Freewrite Store Today’s guest post is by editor and author Susan DeFreitas (@manzanitafire), whose debut novel, Hot Season, won the 2017 Gold IPPY Award for Best Fiction of the Mountain-West. Â   Â   Â   If you struggle to establish a writing practice, don’t despair. While writing will never be a completely painless process, there are ways to make it easier on yourself (not to mention more fun). First, though, some real talk: Most people who want to write never do. Or, at least, they never make writing enough of a habit to finish any of the big projects they have in mind, be it a novel, a memoir, or a chapbook of poems. Say you have a great idea but you don’t know where to start. Or you get started with your project but then lose the thread, or get distracted, and never wind up finishing it. In either case, the following tips can help you get started, get back on track if you’ve stalled out- and, ultimately, get to the finish line with your project. 1) Brainstorming Terrified of the blank white page? You’re not alone. There’s something about beginnings that’s deeply intimidating- especially when it’s the beginning of something big. The thing is, the beginnings are all about brainstorming and daydreaming- and as it turns out, staring at a blinking cursor on a blank white page is really not the best way to do either of these things. Neuroscience suggests that this sort of big-picture creative thinking- about what you envision for your project, its concerns, its scope, even the voice you hear for it- is best accomplished while walking, or in the back of your mind as you’re going about other tasks, or as you’re falling asleep at night. In this way, you’ll be partnering with your subconscious mind, opening the door to associative connections that simply won’t arise if you try to push. What are the questions driving your project? What do you know about it, and what don’t you know? In the earliest stages of your writing process, as far as I’m concerned, you shouldn’t be writing at all- you should be thinking about your project in a way that clues you into what it is you really want to do, and how you really want to do it. 2) Visioning Once you’ve answered these sorts of questions, it’s time to set aside a few hours to envision where you’re going. Take yourself out for coffee on a Sunday morning, or set aside those precious hours after the kids go to bed. This is your time to flesh out and solidify your ideas. What will the plot of your novel be? What topics will your essays cover? What are the concerns of your poetry, the forms that inspire you, the specific themes you’d like to write toward? This is the time to take all those big-picture ideas you’ve had floating around in your head and solidify them into a real plan. Be as specific as you can- this plan will be the roadmap for your project. 3) Set aside a regular time Only have a half hour a day to write? Or even fifteen minutes? No problem. When you have a detailed plan for your project, it’s not hard to make use of small chunks of time to execute it. You may do nothing more than write a few sentences, or a paragraph, or a few lines of poetry. But if you write each day- preferably at the same time, but not necessarily- you will progress in your project. If you can find more time to devote to your writing practice on a daily basis, great- but remember, it can be hard to continue a practice that’s based on finding big chunks of time. If you can learn to write in smaller increments, you’ll wind up writing more often (which tends to be the key to finishing). And if you lose the thread, remember, you have a blueprint you can return to (and amend, if necessary). It’s not necessary to keep the big picture of your project in your head at all times- all that’s necessary is that you keep inching forward, whether it’s a little or a lot at a time. 4) Find your people One of the best ways to ensure that you stick to your writing practice over the long term is to find a group of people who will keep you accountable for creating new work. This group might be a traditional writers’ critique group, or it might be a generative group like Sit Down, Shut Up, and Write. If you live in a place where writers are scarce, even a Patreon campaign that makes you accountable to your sponsors for new work every month will do the trick. Of course, it’s possible to establish a writing practice in isolation- but over the long haul, it’s hugely helpful to know that there is someone on the other end, waiting to read what you’ve written. 5) Make it fun Finally, if you find your writing process losing steam, stop and ask yourself why. Is it because you’ve become too critical of your own work? Because you haven’t gotten the validation and direction that comes through feedback? Or because you’re pursuing the wrong project, one that your heart isn’t really in? In the end, you may find it something more like the fact that your writing desk is uncomfortable, or that you don’t like working where it’s too noisy (or too quiet). Maybe you need to draft in longhand, or outdoors, or next to a window. Maybe you need to write with a cup of coffee in hand, or after you’ve had a glass of wine, or after you’ve read a poem by your all-time favorite poet. Whatever it is, you owe it to yourself to find out, and experiment until you find the tools, setting, and context that sends a clear signal to your mind: writing is fun, and this is a great time to make it happen. Now it’s your turn. What do you struggle with in your writing practice? And what has proven most helpful to you in staying on track? Â   An author, editor, and educator, Susan DeFreitas’s creative work has appeared in (or is forthcoming from) The Writer’s Chronicle, The Utne Reader, Story, Southwestern American Literature, and Weber- The Contemporary West, along with more than twenty other journals and anthologies. She is the author of the novel Hot Season (Harvard Square Editions), which won the 2017 Gold IPPY Award for Best Fiction of the Mountain West. She holds an MFA from Pacific University and lives in Portland, Oregon, where she serves as an editor with Indigo Editing Publications.

ATR vocabulary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ATR vocabulary - Essay Example In other words, casting is a preparation of figures by use of mold to produce castings from an original cast made from clay. Carving is the skillful cutting of a material such as, wood or into a form or a design by use of mechanical tools. Assembling is the incorporation of objects such a piece of mold to form to a cast. Low relief also known as bas relief is a form of art in which figures are designed from a slight height above the ground with barely cut outlines. High relief comprises of round sculpture whose parts are completely detached from the ground. Contrapposto is a form of sculpture with a scheme that involves the figure is poised with all its weight resting on one leg. Earthwork is nature relate art that involves making of large-scale figures by moving a lot of soil to form the shape. Public art is any piece of art created for the purpose of placing it in public areas. Installation is the construction of an art for exhibition on a gallery. Site specific is the ground on wh ich a piece of art is stood. Minimalism is a form art that is characterized by use of simple unornamented architecture. It origin is traced back in New York City. Ceramics are inorganic materials mounding and baking clay. Clay is rigid, sticky, grained earth. Slab is a wide, thick piece of concrete used for construction. A pattern of spiral turn formed by winding material together to each other to form s diagonal effect. Potter wheel is a revolving wheel that is operated by use lever to shape clay. Porcelain is a rigid ceramic prepared by drying clay on fire and glazing it with fusible materials of different colors Glass is an inorganic, impervious material used in ornamental objects. Stained glass is simply colored glass used in the production of decorative windows. Glass blowing is the shaping of softened glass by forcefully passing air into t through a tube. Metal, this is a ductile, lustrous substance usually a good

'BP plc' Analysis report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

'BP plc' Analysis report - Research Paper Example Undervaluation of the companys stock using the DCF method is an indication that company shareholder value is expected to generate more wealth for its shareholders This paper seeks to prepare industry analysis, financial analysis and valuation of BP plc using different models. Financial analysis would include looking into the company’s financial performance in the last five years in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and valuation ratios. The paper will also explain the value derived from valuation models in relation to the financial performance of the company and the industry analysis on whether it is doing the correct strategies to generate value. BP p.l.c. (or "BP") was founded in 1909 and incorporated in the United Kingdom. It presently operates as international oil and gas company with various products in not less than 40 countries. The company has two major segments: The Exploration and Production, and Refining and Marketing. The first segment is responsible to oil and natural gas exploration, field development and production, transportation, storage and processing, as well as marketing and trading of natural gas and liquefied natural gas and other power and natural gas liquids. The other segment - Refining and Marketing is into refining, manufacturing, marketing, transportation, supply and trading of petroleum, crude oil, petrochemical products and related services to wholesale and retail customers (Reuters, 2014a). The oil and gas industry sector is part of the energy industry which is expected to grow heftily at least up to the year 2035 as a result of increasing population and growing demand for energy (Annual Report, 2013). The other sources of energy renewable, nuclear, hydro, and coal and yet oil and oil will continue to have big part in serving the energy requirement of the world in the next twenty years. The company believes that population and

The Consumer Buying Decision Marketing Essay

The Consumer Buying Decision Marketing Essay Introduction In this assignment I have employed as a business marketing advisor for the Sheffield Business Support Council where John Ryan from Window World has made contact with. He has been in replacement window industry for fifteen years. Early years of business was doing successfully. Window World had been a focused on upon replacing old windows and doors and constructing and installing new conservatories for customers. First he had resisted and purposely declined approaches from local business. Then he realised move into seeking and accepting orders from business. But overall business over past fourteen months had declined by 25%. The reason why he is seeking advise from us is there is something wrong with their approach in business marketing and sales. So I have allocated to visit the company and offer advise and assistance to them. Task 1. Making money is one part of selling product or service in most businesses. However, it can be much more complicated than that simple model; some businesses serve as the middle man from manufacturer to customer; others sell to other businesses, and some organizations do not follow a financial model that generates a profit for them. All of these business models lead to different types of business transactions. There are three buying decisions consumer goes through. These are limited problem solving, habitual decision making, and extended problem solving. Limited problem solving happens during a purchase decision that calls for, at most, a moderate amount of time. Limited problem solving usually based on past experience more than an external information. Habitual decision making describes a purchase decision process in which consumers engage little effort. Marketers strive to attract and maintain habitual purchasers by creating strong brands and store loyalty. Extended problem solving is a common when the customer thinks that purchase decision causes a massive risk. To reduce risk, customer does lots of information. Also there are factors that affects consumer decision process which are psychological factor, marketing mix, social factor, situational factor. Psychological factors Although marketers themselves can influence purchase decisions, psychological factors affect the way people receive marketers message. There are motives, attitudes, perception, and learning Social factors The decision process is also influenced by the external, social environment , which consists of customers family, reference groups, and culture. Family Many purchase decisions are made about products or services that the entire family will consume. So, firms must consider how families can do the purchase decisions. Reference group One or more person whom an individual uses as a basis for comparison regarding beliefs, feelings, and behaviour. Culture Defined as the shared meanings, beliefs, morals, values and customs of group people. Business Purchase The process of selling products or services to buying organisation. Therefore, Business to Business marketing involves manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. Some firms find it more productive to focus on their efforts and resource on key business customers rather than on ultimate customer. Manufacturers or Producers One of the biggest business-to-business buyers are manufactures and producers. They buy raw material s, components and parts to supply for the product. Resellers They are marketing intermediaries that resell manufactured products without significantly altering their form. Institutions Institutions, such as school and hospitals purchase all kinds of goods and services. Government In most countries, the central government tends to be the one of the largest purchasers of goods and services. The distinction between a B2B and a B2C transaction is not the product or service itself; rather, it is ultimate user of that product or service. Task 2. A  buying center  (also known as a  decision making unit  or  DMU), in  marketing,  procurement, and  organisational studies, is a group of employees or members of any type of organization responsible for finalising major decisions, whether to purchase. These DMU participants can range from employees who have a formal role in purchasing decisions to members are specifying the highly technical purchases, such as information systems or production equipment, also require the expertise of technical specialists. All these employees are likely to play different roles in the buying process, which vendors must understand and adapt to in their marketing and sales efforts. These roles compromised of 6 different roles: -Initiator the person who first suggests buying the particular product or service, often associated with the user -Influencer anyone outside of DMU with influence on its members, has knowledge about potential suppliers -Decider the person with the authority to make the decision to buy-whether to buy, what to buy, how to buy, or where to buy -Buyer the person who is tasked to make actual purchase for doing paperwork etc. (handle the paperwork) -User the person who is consumes or uses the product or service -Gatekeeper the person who controls information or access, or both, to decision makers and influencers All these roles tend to be more formal and by job title. Degree of influence may still be affected by a strength of personality. Also these specialised buying centres typically receive information about the product or service from commercial sources, peers, publications and the experience. The number of individuals involved in purchasing will relies on the complexity of the need, the value of the purchase and the level of risk held to be connected to the decision.  The people taking on the different roles of the DMU vary with each purchasing occasion, but it is important for suppliers to identify the members of the DMU and recognize their particular needs so that communication efforts can be customized in each single case. According to Morris et al (2001), the mechanism of the DMU is of critical importance to the B2B marketer. Morris (1992) states that  one approach to clarify what takes place among  the participants in the purchasing decision process is to focus on the structure of the DMU. Since the DMU is normally not a formal group, its structure is not formally established by the organisation. Task 3. Buying process begin when consumer recognize that they need unsatisfied need. Research suggests that customers go through a five-stage decision-making process through before, during, and after making purchases. This five-stage decision-making process summarised in the diagram below. The Consumer Buying Decision This model is important for anyone making marketing decisions. It forces the marketer to consider the whole buying process rather than just the purchase decision (when it may be too late for a business to influence the choice!) The model implies that customers pass through all stages in every purchase. However, in more routine purchases, customers often skip or reverse some of the stages. Need Recognition The buying process starts with need recognition. At this stage, the buyer has an unsatisfied need and want to go form their actual, needy to state to a different, desired state. Information Search The second step, after a consumer recognises a need, is to search for information about the various options that exist to satisfy the need. Customer can get information from internal and external research for information. Internal research is customer uses own memory and knowledge about the product or service, gathered through the past experiences. For the external research, buyers seek to information outside of own personal knowledge base to help make the buying decisions. These are can be personal source -friends, family; commercial source- advertising, salespeople; public source- newspapers, radio etc. Alternative Evaluation Research has shown that a consumers mind organises and categorise the alternatives to a support their decision process. When consumer begin to evaluate different alternatives, they often base their evaluations on a set of important attributes or evaluative criteria. Purchase Value is a strong driver of consumers purchase decisions. Customers seek out and purchase the products and services that they believe provide them with the best value. Then, after consumers have access to the product or service, they usually consume it. Post Purchase The final step of the consumer decision process is post purchase behaviour. It is common for customers to experience concerns after making a purchase decision. For the business decision process occurs to include six different stages. Though it differs many ways from consumer decision process, both started with need recognition. Information search and evaluation of alternatives steps are more formal and structured in B2B process. Typically, B2B buyers specify their needs in writing and task potential suppliers to submit formal proposals, whereas B2C buying decisions usually made by individuals or families. The diagram below has shown business decision process. Business-to-Business Decision Process Need Recognition In the first step of the B2B buying process, the buying organisation recognises through either internal or external sources, that has a drained need. Product Specifications After recognising the need, the organisation considers alternative solutions and come up with potential specifications that suppliers might use to develop their proposals to supply the product. RFP Proposals The request proposals (RFP) is a common process through which buying organisation invite alternative suppliers to bid on supplying their required components. The purchasing company may simply post its RFP needs on its Web site, work through various B2B linkages. Proposal Analysis and Supplier Selection The buying organisation, in conjunction with its critical decision maker, evaluates all the proposals it receive in response to its RFP. Firms are likely to narrow the process to a few suppliers, often those with which they have existing relationships, and discuss key terms of the sale, such as price, quality, delivery, and financing. Order Specification In the fifth stage, the firm place its order with its preferred supplier. The order will include detailed description of goods, prices, and delivery dates. Vendor analysis An organization that supplies specific goods or services to the business markets. Before that firm analyse their vendors performance, strengths and weakness of current and prospective suppliers in terms of their capacity, sales revenue, reputation, stocks, service etc. The Business DMP and the Consumer DMP looks similar but its really quite different because of its formality. The table below shows differences between Business DMP and Consumer DMP. Business DMP Consumer DMP High priority problem solving mode Low priority solving mode Interested in features Interested in advantages of product Risk factor is greater Risk is not high Not spending their own money Spending own money Sales cycle is longer Sale is instant Narrow segment for the product Entire sales market of customers Task 4. The type of buying situation also affects the business to business decision process. Most B2B buying situations can be categorised into three types: A new task buying  situation appears when the company has no earlier experience of the product or service and is buying it for the first time (Smith Taylor, 2002). In this kind of situation, the greater the cost or risk, the larger will be the number of decision contributors and the greater will be their efforts to collect information (Kotler et al., 2002). A modified rebuy  situation emerges when the buyer has some previous experience of the product or service(Smith Taylor, 2002), but wants to modify product specifications, prices, terms or sup-pliers  (Kotler et  al., 2002).   Finally, a straight rebury  situation appears when the company  buys on a regular basis (Smith Taylor, 2002). In this situation, the buyer reorders something without any modifications. It is generally handled on a routine basis by the purchasing department (Kotler et al., 2002).   These varied types of buying situations call for very different marketing and selling strategies. The most complex and difficult is the new task buying because it requires the buying organisation to make changes in current practices and purchases. In new buying situations, the buying center members spend more time at each stage of B2B buying process. Modified buying is probably using existing criteria. Straight re-buys often happens when the buyer recognise the firms need and skipping all the buying process and go directly buy. So new task buying is more intense than modified buying and straight re-buying situations. What we missing at Window World are: Window World need to engage the business, marketers need persuasive content that appeals to both logic and emotion. The communication strategy should serve prospective buyers as well as their current customers with lifetime value. What they need is make customers to open Window Worlds web site and take their phone and calls. Strategic approach to build long-term relationship with buyer, it is mutually beneficial. Answering why and how would be start of new buying situation, telling them why they need their product and how it solves their business problems. Also doing the re-enforcing value and purchase satisfaction with exiting customers . One of important thing is that their product can be easy to purchase. More importantly, key account management (KAM) changes in selling  . KAM is a completely different organizational process used by business-to-business suppliers to manage their relationships with strategically-important customers, and it produces measurable business benefits. Role of sales people in KAM Customer Partner Buyer Behaviour Expert Buyer-seller Team Coordinator Customer Service Provider Information Gatherer Service Provider Market Analyser and Planner Market Cost Analyser Technologist Task 5. Window world has been delivering excellent returns with consumers. Marketers are particularly interested in post purchase behaviour because it causes actual rather than the potential customers. Satisfied customers, whom marketers hope to create, become loyal, and spread word of mouth, so they are quite important. There are three positive post purchase outcomes as illustrated in table 1; increased customer satisfaction, decreased post purchase dissonance, and increased customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction is the state of mind that customers have about a company when their expectations have been met or exceeded over the lifetime of the product or service. The achievement of customer satisfaction leads to company loyalty and product repurchase. Setting unrealistically high consumer expectations of the product through the advertising, personal selling, or other types of promotion may lead to higher initial sales, but it eventually will result in dissatisfaction when the product fails to achieve the high performance expectations. This failure could lead to dissatisfied customers and the potential for negative word of mouth. On the other hand, setting customer expectations too low is equally dangerous strategy. So marketers can take several steps to ensure post purchase satisfaction, such as these: -Build realistic expectations, not too high and not too low. -Demonstrate correct product use-improper usage can cause dissatisfaction. -Stand behind the product or service by providing money-back guaranties and warranties. -Encourage customer feedback, which cuts down on negative word of mouth. -Periodically make contact with customers and thank them for their support. Because customers appreciate human contact, even it is expensive than e-mail or mail contacts. Also it gives you opportunity to correct mistakes. Post purchase dissonance Post purchase dissonance is basically an after purchase cognitive  behaviour. While evaluating the  benefits after a purchase it is common for customers to be concerned about their purchase decision. It is caused by  cognitive dissonance. Here the customer thinks that if customer had purchased some other item it would have been better than the one customer bought. Simply customer is not  completely  satisfied with the purchase and is most likely to switch brands. Marketers can avoid post purchase dissonance the below: Under promise and over deliver. You dont need to under promise, but just make sure you deliver on the promises you make. The sale doesnt end with the sale.  As in, the sale is the start, not the end of the relationship so make sure that you behave in that way.   Follow up on the sale, ask for feedback (and act on it).   Do the nice little unexpected things that you didnt promise this could be a message a week into the sale with a voucher for money off a complementary product or even just a little card to say, thanks for your purchase, we really appreciate it., although I might then think, If you appreciate it show me the money! so an offer or freebie would be appreciated more. Anticipate what might go wrong.  Think through the customer journey and try to remove any of the pain-points they might hit.  Take that approach to every stage of the user experience and youll continue not to disappoint your customer. If something does go wrong, act accordingly.  Sometimes things go wrong. Say sorry and then fix the problem.   Sometimes the best relationships start this way. Loyalty In the post purchase decision making process, marketers attempt to solidity in relationship with their customers. They want customers to be satisfied with their purchase and buy from same company again. Loyal customers only will buy certain brands and shop at certain stores. Firm build loyalty by keeping touch with customers using e-mail marketing, thank you cards and more. treating own team well so they treat your customers well. showing that you care and remembering what they like and dont like. Firm build it by rewarding them for choosing you over your competitors. Firm build it by truly giving a damn about them and figuring out how to make them more success, happy and joyful.

Review and Critical thinking Essay

Review Questions Syncopation is placing emphasis or accents on beats that are unexpected, or, alternatively. Is music that combined the music of marches with the rhythms of African music. The instruments used for ragtime are used in jazz. Cornetist who helped to create jazz music . His music had a loud piercing sound that be heard in the distance. Bebop had faster rhythms and more complex harmonies. A form of jazz that emphasized improvisation. In hot jazz multiple musicians did improvisation, In classic it was one. Critical Thinking Questions Both use improvisation at some point. A difference is that classical music try not to improvise but jazz music use it all the time. A characteristic of jazz is that it uses a of improvisation. Another characteristic is that it has influence from its african roots. What they mean by that is that jazz is America’s music, it was created in america and was given a lot attention. Even the government gave attention to it. Buddy bolden was one of the people to create jazz, not much is know about his music, but some people that heard his music have said it was a loud piercing sound that can be heard from a distance. Improvisation is creating music in the moment by responding to the other players around you. Jazz music uses improvisation almost all the time, most jazz pieces use improvisation.

A Startling Fact about Term Paper Buy Uncovered

A Startling Fact about Term Paper Buy Uncovered All About Term Paper Buy Students should use the sample papers to comprehend how different views can be shown on the subject. They often give in to the temptation of using technical words to look smart. They have a great temptation to find shortcuts in their studies. In addition, there are chances that same paper has been utilized by more than 1 pupil. Reading guidelines about how to compose a term paper is extremely recommendable. Forcing yourself to finish your assignment is only going to cause a half-hearted work. Example or sample term papers ought to be available on a broad selection of topics along with diverse academic fields. Purchase a Term Paper It is recommended not to just get a term paper from any company which is available online. Term Paper is among the most significant writing tasks. Term papers are usually meant to describe an event, an idea, or argue a point. They are one of the most common assignments for students, however students find it tedious to handle multiple term papers with over lapping deadlines. It's also necessary to obtain a term paper from an organization with a very good reputation along with sample term papers to showcase the standard of services offered. A respectable writing business can make your academic life far easier. Several the desirable characteristics that customers wish to begin looking for when they decide to buy term papers online will be examined. Vast majority of the custom companies available on the internet are either untrustworthy of fraudulent businesses which are only interested in making large sums of profits. The Battle Over Term Paper Buy and Ho w to Win It The very first component isn't restricted to a specific objective. It's only natural for the bulk of us to want to get accepted by the people we're surrounded by therefore we conform to their social norms, whether it's morally right for all of us to do so or not. When you hire us, you're contracting term service of a person professional. The purchasing team at Termpapereasy is outstanding. The Term Paper Buy Chronicles There are a number of writing companies, which offer you to get a term paper from them. You'll get paper most for the money and buy will purchase term papers for all your upcoming assignments. If you need assistance with custom written papers and wish to purchase custom paper writing service, we'd like to provide you to make the most of our professional paper writing help online! There are lots of paper templates to pick from, but the majority of the time your instructor will require a particular format for the entire class to follow. In such a scenario, it is quite valuable to review sample term paper and find out how such details are used. In some instances it is dependent upon the sort of assignment, if it be a report, essay or research assignment. Many term papers will adhere to a very simple structure and outline that comprises An amazing boost when stuck A sample term paper is also a terrific boost whenever you're stuck. Thus you'll be able to get online term papers with the right formats, in order to get excellent grades. No matter this issue, our term paper guideand expert articles will supply you with the info you want. Choosing wisely will mean that you will select a topic you like and know well which will make the writing process much easier. Use the proper guidelines There are various guidelines to writing a term paper and it's important that you follow them. Term paper writing guides can be especially useful for understanding different writing styles that might be used. It's rather difficult to effectively organize an essay without a fantastic outline. The outline will reflect your aims and the stream of the entire term paper. Making an outline is the ideal way keep your writing consistent and make sure that it covers all the necessary information. Our research paper outline templates will allow you to save tons of time and money.

The Face That Launched a Thousand Ships

The face that launched a thousand ships is a well-known figure of speech  and a snippet of 17th-century poetry that refers to Helen of Troy. The poetry of Shakespeares contemporary English playwright Christopher Marlowe is responsible for what is among the most lovely and famous lines in English literature. Was this the face that launched a thousand shipsAnd burnt the topless towers of Illium?Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss... The line comes from Marlowes play The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, published in 1604. In the play, Faustus is an ambitious man, who has decided that necromancy--speaking to the dead--is the only path to the power he seeks. The risk of communing with dead spirits, however, is that raising them can make you their master, or their slave. Faustus, conjuring on his own, makes a deal with the demon Mephistopheles, and one of the spirits Faustus raises is Helen of Troy. Because he cannot resist her, he makes her his paramour  and is damned forever. Helen in the Iliad According to Homers The Iliad, Helen was the wife of the king of Sparta, Menelaus. She was so beautiful that Greek men went to Troy and fought the Trojan War to win her back from her lover Paris. The thousand ships in Marlowes play refer to the Greek army who set sail from Aulis to war with the Trojans and burn down Troy (Greek nameIllium). But the immortality requested results in the curse of Mephistopheles and the damnation of Faustus. Helen had been abducted before she married Menelaus, so Menelaus knew it could happen again. Before Helen of Sparta married Menelaus, all the Greek suitors, and she had had quite a few, swore an oath to aid Menelaus should he ever need their help retrieving his wife. Those suitors or their sons brought their own troops and ships to Troy. The Trojan War may have actually happened. The stories about it, best known from the author known as Homer, say it lasted 10 years. At the end of the Trojan War, the belly of the Trojan Horse (from which we get the expression beware of Greeks bearing gifts) sneakily transported Greeks into Troy where they set fire to the city, killed the Trojan men, and took many of the Trojan women as concubines. Helen of Troy returned to her original husband, Menelaus. Helen as an Icon; Marlowes Play on Words Marlowes phrase is not to be taken literally, of course, its an example of what English scholars call metalepsis, a stylistic flourish that skips from X to Z, bypassing Y: of course, Helens face didnt launch any ships, Marlowe is saying she caused the Trojan War. Today the phrase is most commonly used as a metaphor for beauty and its seductive and destructive force. There have been several books exploring the feminist considerations of Helen and her treacherous beauty, including one well-received novel from historian Bettany Hughes (Helen of Troy: The Story Behind the Most Beautiful Woman in the World). The phrase has also been used to describe women from the first lady of the Phillippines Imelda Marcos (the face that launched a thousand votes) to consumer spokesperson Betty Furness (the face that launched a thousand refrigerators). Youre starting to think Marlowes quote is not entirely friendly, arent you? And youd be right. Fun With Helen Communications scholars such as J.A. DeVito have long used Marlowes phrase to illustrate how the use of stress on a single word of a sentence can change the meaning. Practice the following, stressing the italicized word and youll see what we mean. Is this the face that launched a thousand ships?Is this the face that launched a thousand ships?Is this the face that launched a thousand ships?Is this the face that launched a thousand ships?Is this the face that launched a thousand ships? Finally, says mathematician Ed Barbeau: If a face could launch a thousand ships, what would it take to launch five? Of course, the answer is 0.0005 face. Sources Cahill EJ. 1997. Remembering Betty Furness and Action 4. Advancing the Consumer Interest 9(1):24-26. DeVito JA. 1989. Silence and paralanguage as communication. ETC: A Review of General Semantics 46(2):153-157. Barbeau E. 2001. Fallacies, Flaws, and Flimflam. The College Mathematics Journal 32(1):48-51. George TJS. 1969. Philippines Chance to Get Moving. Economic and Political Weekly 4(49):1880-1881. Greg WW. 1946. The Damnation of Faustus. The Modern Language Review 41(2):97-107. Hughes, Bettany. Helen of Troy: The Story Behind the Most Beautiful Woman in the World. Paperback, Reprint edition, Vintage, January 9, 2007. Moulton IF. 2005. Review of Wanton Words: Rhetoric and Sexuality in English Renaissance Drama, by Madhavi Menon. The Sixteenth Century Journal 36(3):947-949. Edited by K. Kris Hirst