Child Support through the Lens of Conflict Theory

Child Support through the Lens of Conflict Theory â€Å"Conflict is a normal discord resulting from individuals or groups that vary in attitudes, beliefs, values or needs. â€Å"According to conflict theory, disparity exists inasmuch as those who control the vast majority of resources in a society and those who do not. Who ever controls the property and resources will also concentrate wealth to influence economics, media and the legal system to benefit them and to protect their interests. Conflict theory holds that social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than consent and agreement. Child support has become a multi-billion dollar industry in this country. The States have major economic incentives in collections which is the driving force behind the destruction of the American family. Child Support Enforcement actually began more than 100 years ago with legislation known as the Uniform Desertion and Non-Support Act http://test.washburnlaw.edu/profiles/faculty/activity/_fulltext/elrod-linda-1990-6journalofthemerica nacademymatrimoniallawyers103.pdf The system then evolved as a federal child support and paternity legislation was enacted in January 1975† http://adrr.com/law1/csp11.htm . Among other things, child support enforcement services were required for families receiving assistance under AFDC, FC, and Medicaid programs. Prior to the enactment of the federalized policies for child support enforcement, the US had the hisghest compliance of child support in the world. At stake are many questions as to the policies and procedures implemented to justify the means to an end. Unfortunately what is thought to be done in the best interest of the child could be further from the truth. The legal definition for in the best interest of the child is financial support. Under former subsection (4) of this section, parental earning capacity is a factor to be considered with the best interests of a child in determining the amount of child support. A determination of the best interests of a child or children includes a judicial decision based on evidence, not exclusively on a parental stipulation for disposition of a question concerning the parties child or children. Schulze v. Schulze, 238 Neb. 81, 469 N.W.2d 139 (1991).† http://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=42-364 If not the children then, who would benefits the most from the shift in government policy as it pertained to child support enfoecement and collections? â€Å"The current US form of child support enforcement was derived out of Soviet Family Law (n/k/a Russian Family Law), Article 81. It was adopted in 1976 in the USA under what is known as the â€Å"Wisconsin Child Support Enforcement Model† or â€Å"Wisconsin Model† and was promoted in the United States by Irwin Garfinkel† http://adrr.com/law1/csp11.htm . It involves the income shares approachhow much each parent makes determines how much child support is paid; rather than the true cost of raising children. As the Communist Manifesto says: Each according to ability; each according to his needs. Our child support system was conceived and implemented as part of the former Communist way of doing things. . From then on, the corporate government set up a massive, taxpayer funded industry that has been an abject failure. Other than terrorizing people, destroying families, and harming children, the child support enforcement industry is nothing more than a debt collecti on agency with KGB power. â€Å"Robert Williams involvement in child support issues coincides with the formation of his company, Policy Studies Inc. in 1984. We find no record of his involvement in family questions, no history of academic achievement in the field or even evidence that hes qualified to deal with complicated policy / design issues. He came from nowhere in the mid-1980s as the Office of Child Support Enforcements choice to provide technical assistance to the states in developing child support guidelines and was able to provide nothing except extreme policy views. Without having any legal authority, or a logical or scientific basis for his recommendations, he has to a very great extent dictated child support policy in all states ever since. Most disturbing of all is that his business operations include a collection company that takes a percentage of the amount of child support paid. Mr. Williams therefore has a direct financial interest in increasing award amounts. By the time the Child Support Enforcement Amendments were proposed in 1984, which began a dramatic expansion in the offices size, budget, and powers, most politicians were talking as if deadbeat dads were the nations most serious problem† http://adrr.com/law1/csp11.htm . Marx viewed the ruling class attempt at defining what constituted a family as a way of controlling the masses. The ideal type by definition was really only obtainable by their standards which the masses sought to emulate. The pacification of the working class has been acheieved by way of â€Å"emotionally charged issues†. These issues are perpetuated by a mass media campaigns created to aid in the implementation of policies which cause the masses to act against their own self interest. As long as â€Å"class consciousness† is not realized, explotation of the family with current child support enforcement polices will continue to aileinate the working poor family structure. Marxist theory contends that for continued success of capitalism to occur, there must be a large group of underpaid, uninsured, uneducated workers. Capitalism has always relied on free, or nearly free, labor, and it cannot continue without it. Alienation from the process of parenting occurs as fathers are marginalized . Prior to the Soviet form of child Support, parents could settle their alimony and support obligations through agreement or court. However admittedly during this period men had more power and women where seen as caretakers which left them at the mercy of the fathers. It is important to note however that the support system was geared mainly towards middle class and upper class families. Family is no longer autonomous but is now an object of exploitation as a vehicle to produce more revenue for the state. The more money a state collects on child support the more matching dollars they receive from the feds. It is important to understand the â€Å" economic incentive† of the states . It is in the best interest of the states to have a judicicial system that sets the initial payments of support ( arrears ) so high there is no way for a the lower class or the poor to pay. From the beginning of the process the NCP has accumulated thousands of dollars of debt with no legal representation or rebuttal of the exorbanat amout. Capitalism buys labor only, and it rewards labor with only money. For Marx, this is a form of prostitution. A win win for the system because now they have a guaranteed pool of laboureres willing to sell the only thing they have, labor. The state then provides the labor to which the laborer looses through sanctions and wage garnishments before he / she even sees a dime of their pay. Karl Marx saw society as fragmented into groups that contend for social and economic resources. †Ã¢â‚¬Å"Marx maintained society is in a state of continuous conflict due to competition for limited resources† . Marx viewed society as stratified which comprise 3 clasess. . The bourgeoisie own the modes of production and their income is derived from profit. They produce nothing but it is this class where over 90 percent of the wealth of a society ids concentrated. The landowners derive their income from rent. The proletariat own their labor and sell their labor to the highest bidder. The very nature of capitalism ensures the last group will become consumers of the very goods they produce as workers. The products and services the workers spend their money on are returned as profit to the burgoise or wealthy. Wealth is ownership of property, not status or income. It is this dynamic groups and individuals advance their own interests and conflict ensues over control of the socio- economic resources. Social order is maintained by the majority who control the bulk of the social, political and economic resources. Those with little to no investment or influence are basically coerced to â€Å"go along to get along† or face the wrath of those who control the wealth and resources. This is not a symbiotic relationship of shared values or beleifs between classes but one of power and domination. The political and economic will of the wealthy upper class influences all aspects of that societys structure. There is more deference to class, race, and gender in this view for as much as they are seen as the grounds of the most relevant and lasting characteristics of conflict in social structure. What is strikingly similar with the issue of child support enforcement is that it’s coercive nature has been legitimaze by law that states may profit from it. Marx theorized how â€Å"ailienation of workers† is a by product of capitalism: â€Å"In what, then, consists the alienation of labor? First, in the fact that labor is external to the worker, i.e., that it does not belong to his nature, that therefore he does not realize himself in his work, that he denies himself in it, that he does not feel at ease in it, but rather unhappy, that he does not develop any free physical or mental energy, but rather mortifies his flesh and ruins his spirit. The worker, therefore, is only himself when he does not work, and in his work he feels outside himself. He feels at home when he is not working, and when he is working he does not feel at home. His labor, therefore, is not voluntary, but forcedforced labor. It is not the gratification of a need, but only a means to gratify needs outside itself. Its alien nature shows itself clearly by the fact that work is shunned like the plague as soon as no physical or other kind of coercion exists.† http://faculty.frostburg.edu/phil/forum/Marx.htm Child support enforcement policies have also ailienated parents from their children. The way the Child support system has evolved naturally produces conflict of all parties envolved. Parents are placed in advasarial roles by the state and children are objects used to justify a means to an end. What is disguised as a moral imperative is nothing more than greed which has ushered in another form of indentured servitude. Many parents who do not have custody of their children are ordered by the legal system to pay by any means necessary or, face revocation of their civil liberties, including jail. What was once considered a civil family matter has now been criminalized by federal and state government. . â€Å"The alienation of the worker from his product does not only mean that his labor becomes an object, an external entity, but also that it exists outside him, independently, as something alien, that it turns into a power on its own confronting him, that the life which he has given to h is product stands against him as something strange and hostile.† Now the worker is not only ailienated from his labor but, from the child as well. The entire dynamic is fueld by conflict as the workers’ paycheck and his/her children become the resource objects where policies are legislated to coerce payment to reimburse the state for resources paid to AFDC, TANF recipients. In summary, Marxist Conflict Theory maintains that the basic financial inequities between the owners of production and the workers results in two different value systems existing in the same society. Because of disparities in the reward structure, working class people naturally (and most righteously) will feel that the society has used them up. Religion, family values, the work ethic are all devices used by the ruling class to blind working people to the reality of their situation. Working people become alienated from each other and their families. Until they realize, as a group, the truth and rise up, class counciousnees will not occur. Conflict in a system is intensified in three ways. First, when there is intensification of deprivation, or the perception of deprivation, between subsystems (i.e., His is bigger than mine!, You cant cut funding in my district!, and so on) relations between system units (people) are strained. Second, when legitimacy of existing distribution of power and wealth is withdrawn or changed, as in a divorce, remarriage, a new governmental administration, system units tend to grab as much of the available wealth as possible. The third way is a mediatorincreased conflict is dependent on the degree of emotional involvement of the system units. If emotional involvement is low, conflict will not escalate. Functionalists are critical of the conflict theory. Functionalists posit that it’s not always about money and people are not always acting out of their own self interest for monetary gain. Functionalist believe in the legitamcy of institutions because they serve an important function to society. They believe you can really succeed with the current institutionalized system by just working hard to acheive economic success In families.

Child Mortality Rate In India Health And Social Care Essay

Child Mortality Rate In India Health And Social Care Essay Millennium Development Goals (MGDs) are the goals set at the United Nations by the governments in the year 2000.Here eight main goals are agreed by the UN which they try to achieve by 2015. The 8 MDGs are Eradicate Extreme poverty; Achieve Universal Primary education; Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women; Reduce Child Mortality; Improve Maternal Health; Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases; Ensure Environmental Sustainability; Develop a Global Partnership for Development[2].Child Mortality is an important MDG since it affects the improvement in the living standards of a country. It also affects the public health activity. Reducing the child mortality rate worldwide and particularly in the developing nations has been a key globe issue. Almost all countries showed significant improvement in tackling child mortality. Since the last 20 years, even one-third of the underdeveloped countries are successful in bringing down the child mortality by 40 percent [1]. 2. Background The Objectives of this study is to define and discuss the influencing factors of Child mortality in India. The outline and variation in the last 20 years along with the various policies are discussed as well. Definition Child Mortality is defined by WHO as- Probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of that period[3]. The Birth as well as Death data derived from the registration/ surveys are used for calculating the mortality rates. 3. Causes and Trends in under-5 mortality in India In order to achieve the MDG 4, it needs to bring down the Child mortality rate to 39 per thousand live births by the year 2015. Unfortunately, the current rate of advancement is inadequate to achieve this target [4]. In the early 1970s, the yearly Nationwide Child mortality reporting System called Sample Registration System (SRS) was established. It focuses on the registration of Births and Deaths in the country and estimation of Child Mortality indicators. The major reason for child mortality changes considerably along with the age of the child. During neonatal period, the deaths are due to complications during delivary, Low Birth Weight or Premature birth. Later on, infections and other medical conditions constitute the death. In India, Malnutrition, diarrhoea, measles and pneumonia are the familiar reasons for Child death. The SRS report revealed the various causes of Child deaths in India. Perinatal conditions, Respiratory infections and Diarrhoea are the main causes of Child deaths. They constitute 33.1%, 22, 0% and 14% respectively. Other causes of death include unintentional injuries (3.2%), Nutritional deficiencies (2.8%), and Malaria (2.7%). In general, Respiratory infections, Diarrhoea, Malaria and Unintentional injuries contributes more for child deaths in Rural areas whereas Perinatal causes and congenital abnormalities are more in Urban areas. The figure below shows the top 10 causes of Child deaths in India [5]. 4. Child Deaths in India Fig: 4.1 Top 10 causes of Child deaths in India [6] As the age progresses, the possibility of death diminishes. In India, the level of child health inequalities varies from State to state. However, it is meaningful in comparing the level of Health inequalities among the States which provides us an apparent picture of the Indian States. Even though Rajasthan had an increase in Child mortality between 1992 and 1999, it experienced an above-average decline of mortality between 1998 and 2006[4]. Southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu are showing constant above-average advancement in Child Survival. In low economy States like Bihar, Orissa and Rajasthan, the Child death rates are very high compared to the rich states like Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra according to the 2005-06 survey. It is difficult to compare these changes on the basis of economy of a state because Kerala, which is not a rich state, has the lowest Child mortality rate in the country[4].The graph below depicts the Child mortality rates in selected States in India. 4.1 Child mortality rates in India Fig 4.1.1 under five mortality rates (%) in selected states in India The trend shows that the Perinatal and Infant mortality Rates are slowing down and remaining stagnant since the 1990s.The figure below shows the trends in Infant and Neonatal Mortality rates in India [7]. 4.2 Infant and Neonatal Mortality rates in India Fig 4.2.1 Infant and Neonatal Mortality rates in India The Studies shows that proximate issues (like medical care and non medical factors), Maternal issues (like age, birth intervals and parity), and House Community level issues (like housing, Sanitation and water) constitutes the reasons for the reduction in speed of decline in Child mortality rate[8]. 5. Child mortality Health Policies in India The main Child health policies of India includes Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) (1975) [9], Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) programme (1992) [10]. And Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programmme (1997) [11].The National Health Policies aimed at reduction in the Child Mortality Rates. In 1885, a Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) was introduced. It included Pulse Polio Immunisation (PPI) (Vaccination against Poliomyelitis), DPT vaccine (Vaccination against Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus) and BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin- Vaccination against Tuberculosis) [10]. Appreciable improvement was acquired initially since it covered about 90% population. In 1886, The National Technology Mission (NTM) took over UIP and equipped to be functional in all the districts of the country by the year 1990. 5.1 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Indias ICDS is the biggest integrated Childhood programme which was introduced in 1975. It has over 40,000 centres all over the country. UNICEF joining with the World Bank assisted in commencing the ICDS and is still providing technical as well as financial supports. At present it covers more than 23 million children less than 6 years of age [9]. ICDS targets at regulating the health nutrition as well as development of children. Besides this it provides preschool education for children 3 to 6, educating mothers and giving additional feeding for children and pregnant women. It provides anganwadi/ childcare centres [9]. During the past years, ICDS was successful in meeting their aims and objectives. The government of the country reorganized it for making it commonly accessible for providing more opportunity for all children in the country [9]. 5.2Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) programme The Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) introduced in 1985 was an opening so that it covered all children and mothers. This motivated the starting of an advanced programme known as Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) programme obtaining financial supports from UNICEF and World Bank[10].The main aims of CSSM was, Widening the UIP so that it can cover all pregnant women and Children between the age of 9 months and 3 years. It also introduced Oral Rehydration Therapy Programme aimed at minimising the child mortality due to diarrhoea [10]. CSSM programme is completely a National Family Welfare Programme which supplies vaccines, ORS packs, Cold chain apparatus, medicines etc. to all the states of the Nation. Besides this, funds are also provided for proper execution of the programme [10]. 5.3Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programmme The RCH programme launched in 1997 aimed at providing excellent services which help to achieve the population firmness by improving the quality of reproductive life. The focus area of the RCT was management and anticipation of unwanted pregnancies, maternal care and Child Survival schemes for children [11]. RCH aims in broadening immunisation, child care, and delivary care. More focus given for enhancing neonatal care on every aspect. Another aim of RCT is the abolition of Polio virus by bringing in Hepatitis in UIP pack[11]. 6. Challenges faced by the country in improving child mortality Maternal Factors There are relations between the Health of the Mother and the condition of the Child. Maternal features plays important role in birth outcome as well as child survival. Poor nutritional status, lower literacy rates, early marriage and child bearing, less antenatal care, lack of access to the health services are some of the most important maternal factors influencing Child mortality [13]. In order to reduce child mortality, proper maternal care should be taken. Socio-economic inequalities It is another challenge faced by the country. Poor children are in danger compared to the others. The risks include inadequate water sanitation, air pollution etc. Comparatively, they will be undernourished so that there will be more chance for severe disorders [13]. Another fact is that, access to quality treatments and facilities are not gained by these groups of Children. So the Child survival extremely depends on the Socio-economic inequalities starting from exposure, resistance, care taking till the proper intervention. Due to these factors poor children are more likely to die [13]. Urban and Rural residence also plays role in Child mortality. In India, like other developing countries, the living circumstances are poorer in rural areas than the Urban. Along with that, the health care facilities will be of poorer quality. These variations in rural and urban areas definitely affect the child mortality [12]. Membership in Religion and Caste The membership in Religion and Caste is another challenge for the child mortality. This will be due to the living manner based on customs and beliefs. The tradition followed by the scheduled caste or scheduled tribes is known to affect many aspect of Child life in India [13]. In the country, it is found that the Child mortality is more among the Hindu caste/tribe group which is followed by Hindu Non-caste/tribe group, Muslims and Other religions [12]. At the state level this is not true. 7. Chances of attaining MDG 4 by 2015 By 2015, India needs to reduce its Child Mortality to 39 per 1000 live births in order to achieve the MDG 4. According to the present rate of progress the target will not be achieved by 2015(4). On the other hand, there is uneven decrease in neonatal infant and child mortality. So, MDG 4 can be achieved by the country by an extra acceleration of the reduction in child mortality rate. This should be chiefly in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan (5). Focus should be given for implementation of the policies in the proper manner by extending the coverage of skilled persons to support mothers, treatment for pneumonia, diarrhoea and community protection programmes. So, by improving the performance in all the areas, MDG 4 can be achieved in India. 8. Conclusions In India, up to the year 2000, Child mortality has reduced significantly. Factors like maternal and Child health policies are considered to be played the major role in bringing down these rates [8]. But now in the country, more child deaths are recorded per year compared to all other countries so that they are not going to meet up with the goal if the trend is continuing like this [5]. Considerable reductions in Child mortality can be achieved in the country only if additional strengthening is given to National as well as community level Health Systems. New approaches should be introduced for pacing the Child mortality reduction rate. So, the Govt. of India should re-evaluate the Nations present goals and move ahead with better plans for developing the Child Health [8]. Ongoing child health plans and policies like abolition of Vaccine- preventable child diseases and the other definite treatments related to children should be re considered for making changes [8]. MDG4 in the country c an be only achieved if crucial act is taken in order to speed up the child mortality reduction rates. It should be done by spotlighting the most affected states namely, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh [5]. Numerous socioeconomic factors also have considerable effect on Child mortality. It will be impossible to improve the socioeconomic status of each and every family in the country within a short period of time. But, by targeting high risk families, the Child Survival can be advanced by the information gained from the family health programmes. Vaccination against tetanus should be given to pregnant women, which will significantly reduce the neo-natal deaths. Family health programmes should be strengthened here as well so that basic health care services can be gained by all pregnant women.

Parental Advisory :: Music Lyrics Essays

Parental Advisory On sale now in a music store near you! The following are excerpts of songs from well known American artists that can be purchased. While each of these albums all have a parental advisory label, they in fact can be purchased by any consumer of any age. Let’s hear what they have to say†¦ One of you tries to grab a knife /And during the struggle he accidentally gets his Adam's apple sliced /(No!) /And while this is goin' on /His son just woke up and he just walks in /She panics and he gets his throat cut /(Oh my God!) /So now they both dead and you slash your own throat /So now it's double homicide and suicide with no note†¦ Now shut the fuck up and get what's comin to you/NOW BLEED! BITCH BLEED†¦ (Eminem) You're such an inspiration for the ways/That I'll never ever choose to be/Oh so many ways for me to show you/How the savior has abandoned you/Fuck your God/Your Lord and your Christ†¦( A Perfect Circle) Hart 2 The idea of putting a rating system on a form of entertainment has been around for years. Rating systems were mainly developed to help parents make informed choices about the movies, TV programs, video games, and music their children are being exposed to. Usually based on the amount of violence, sex, nudity, strong language or drug use a viewer will see or hear. The Motion Picture Association of America has set up a clear rating system for movie goers, â€Å"G- for general audience, all ages are admitted; PG- parental guidance is suggested and some material may not be suitable for children; PG-13-parents are strongly cautioned and some material may be inappropriate for children under 13; R-Restricted, under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian; and NC-17- no one 17 and under admitted† (Movie Ratings). Movies are no longer the only form of entertainment that has volunteered a structured rating system. In recent years the TV Parental Guidelines Monitoring Board, has created a rating system to help with the increasing number of TV channels and programs coming into homes each day.† TV-Y, is appropriate for all children; TV-Y7, is designed for children 7 and above who can distinguish between make-believe and reality; TV-Y7-FV, is Hart 3 for older children and contains more fantasy violence that may be more intense; TV-G, is for a general audience

Emily dickinson Essay examples -- essays research papers

Emily Dickinson’s poetry powerfully indicates values of society of the time. It does this through its conciseness, its simplicity and its control. Indications of society’s values are seen in many of Dickinson's poems, but they are especially noticeable in ‘It was not Death’, and ‘Because I could not stop for Death’. In Dickinson’s poem ‘It was not Death’, she demonstrates how restricting and stereotyping society can be on an individual, and how society values the conformity of the whole community, even though they may not want to. In Dickinson’s poem ‘Because I could not stop for Death’, she is questioning society’s values on religion and everlasting life. Emily Dickinson’s poems analyze her perception of the world and society, which is different to that of the commonly accepted, objective perception. The reader sees this perception in her poem ‘It was not Death’, where Emily appears to perceive a world full of confusion and chaos. She also observes that society tries to place people into stereotypes, and feels that she herself is restricted to one. The Figures I have seen Set orderly, for Burial, Reminded me, of mine – Dickinson shows in these lines that her own life reflects that of a dead persons – it appears to be a living thing, but lacks something that makes it alive. It seems that life is a convential pattern, and she is conformed in society just like the people in the coffins. She resents the way that in her society people were heavily placed into stereotypes. As if my life were shaven, And fitted to a frame These lines express Dickinson’s thoughts about the restrictions of her life in her society. The fact that her life was ‘shaven’ seems to give the image of being cut down to size with a razor to fit her frame, and this is a very sharp image. It also seems to hold connotations to the times of torture and the methods they used, and she may be suggesting that the rest of society make her life torture. It is as if her whole life has been shaped and trapped, which is not by its own nature, and from which it can not escape. Emily Dickinson also gives the impression of confusion and chaos through the verse techniques employed in her poem ‘It was not Death’. There are a mixture of images which give the impression of confusion and chaos. In the poem there is action (‘I stood up), sound (‘Bells’), frost, heat (‘Siroccos’, ‘Fire’), shipwreck (‘Without a Ch... ...else, it just simply stops, whilst you are still aware of it. Since then – ’tis Centuries – and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses’ Heads Were toward Eternity – The lack of punctuation in the last stanza is to show breathlessness and panic as the woman realises that she has come to a state of eternity, and also emphasises that this is a long time – forever. This is how Emily Dickinson shows her theory of eternity after death, which contradicts the values of the rest of society. Values of society of the time can be seen through Emily Dickinson’s poetry. She powerfully shows society’s values of conformity in her poem ‘It was not Death’, as well as how she and many others were expected to fit into stereotypes, even if it meant sacrificing their natural state. This is shown through the form of the poem and the poetic devices that are used. ‘Because I could not stop for Death’ powerfully shows some of society’s values by contradicting them. Emily Dickinson displays her own beliefs on what comes after death, and they are certainly not to do with an afterlife in Heaven, or other religious beliefs. These are examples of how Emily Dickinson’s poems are powerful in

The Aeneid of Greece by Virgil The Aeneid

The Aeneid of Greece by Virgil The Aeneid, tells the story of Aeneas's journey in search of the land where he is destined to build the city that will one day become the great Roman Empire. Largely influenced by Homer's Odyssey and Iliad, the Aeneid begins halfway through Aeneas's journey, as he nears the city of Carthage, ruled over by Dido, who built the city after fleeing from her murderous brother. King Arthur of Britain, by Howard PyleThe character of King Arthur is larger than life.He is rarely presented as truly human; he is either the idealized symbol of Camelot and the virtues of the Round Table, or he is a peripheral character sometimes virtuous but rarely with a penetrating intelligence capable of seeing long-term effects and making sound decisions. Whether a historical Arthur actually existed, what we are left with today is a mythological character, memorable and tantalizing in his virtues and foibles. Beowulf was written in England, but is set in Scandinavia. The author i s unknown.This epic poem describes the hero Beowulf marching with his fourteen warriors and arrive at the place of Heorot where he finds that he king of Heorot Hrothgar terrified by a monster called Grendel. Beowulf manages to kill Grendel and his monster-mother at his abode beneath a lake. After that he returns to his country and becomes the king there and rules his kingdom for fifty years. He dies of the wounds he got once during the combat fought with a dragon. Gilgamesh Is the Priest-King of the city of Uruk.He is a tyrannical king who works his people to death and takes what he wants from them. He kills the young men at will and uses the women as he pleases. The people of Uruk cry out to the gods for help so that they can have peace. | Ramayana – is the immortal tale of Shri Rama that teaches us the values of ideology, devotion, duty, relationships, dharma and karma. Biag ni Lam-ang (Tagalog: â€Å"Buhay ni Lam-ang†) ay isang epikong tula ng mga Ilokano mula sa re hiyon ng Ilokos sa Pilipinas.Sinalaysay at sinulat sa orihinal na wikang Ilokano, pinapaniwalaang na pinaghalong gawa ito ng iba't ibang mga lumilikha ng tula na pinasa sa pamamagitan ng mga salinlahi, at unang sinulat noong 1640 ng isang bulag na manunula na si Pedro Bucaneg. Ibalon – Author Fr. Jose Castano May tatlong mga bayani sa epiking ito: Baltog, Handyong, at Bantong. Unang bayaning dumating sa lupang ibalong ay si Baltog at sya ang nagpayaman ng bukid.Ang pangalawang bayani na dumating sa ibalon ay si Handyong, nakipaglaban siya kasama ng kanyang mga tao sa libu-libong mga giyera at digma. At si bantong ang namuno sa pag patay sa kalahating tao, at kalahating halimaw na c Rabot. | Analysis: The difference between western and eastern epic, the eastern epic involves the story about Indians and Philippines but in western epic they start from the medieval ages and it involve the story about the gods and the goddess.

Ict Unit 2 Essay

Teacher: Contents Task 14 Research the characteristics required to work in the IT sector4 Describe the characteristics and display it in a table. 4 Task 26 Create a table with two columns, regarding job role and descriptions6 List the different type of roles that can be found in the ICT sector6 Describe each of the job roles6 Task 311 Create a booklet regarding ONE job role11 List the characteristics needed for the specific job role11 Task 414 Extend the booklet -Explain why certain characteristics are needed for the specific jobs. 14 Task 519 Write a written report to justify the job role which meets the above criteria. 19 ————————————————- Aim of Assignment The aim of this unit is to ensure that learners have knowledge of the available job roles involving professional IT and the characteristics employers demand in the IT industry. ————————————————- Learning Outcomes 1. Know the characteristics that are used by the employers in the IT industry 2. Know the common job roles undertaken by people working in the IT industry ————————————————- Key Words Industry specific: technical knowledge, working procedures, health and safety knowledge General: skills e. g. interpersonal skills, planning skills, organizational skills, time management, team working, numeric skills, creativity, problem solving Attitudes: preferred e. g. determined, independent, integrity, tolerant, dependable, leadership, confidence, self-motivation General IT: roles e. g. solutions architecture, solution development and implementation, network management, information security, technical writers, data administrators, IT service management and delivery; hardware specific e. g. anufacturing, repair, supply, installation, networks; software specific e. g. applications programmers, systems programmers, website developer, communications programmers Investigation and design: analysts; designers; project managers ————————————————- Scenario IT Venture is an ICT recruitment agency which specialises in IT jobs. In the recent times getting a job in the IT industry has become very difficult. To help the people who want to get into the industry the agency wants to run an article and alongside it they will advertise job roles which will include the ideal employee attributes. In this assignment you are a junior recruiter working at the agency. The manager has asked you to take on the task of writing the article about characteristics needed to work in the ICT industry. You will then produce a table with a selective number of IT job roles, the job roles will state the employee attributes needed to them. ————————————————- 1. Researching the requirements Grade P1 You will have to research the characteristics which are needed to get a job in the industry. The best way to go about the task is to state the characteristics and then to describe them. Task 1 For P1 you need to: Research the characteristics required to work in the IT sector Describe the characteristics and display it in a table. P1 -Evidence to be submitted: 1. Table with 2 columns using the headings = characteristics and description Characteristics required in the IT industry Characteristics/skills | Description | Interpersonal | * Definition- Relating to others, getting on with people (and getting the job done) * Needed because you must get on with people. * If you don’t get on with people then you cannot get the job done! People may find you a negative influence if you cannot work with others properly. | Planning | * Definition- Planning your work, task lists, doing things in the right order, ensuring you have all the resources required. * Needed because unorganised people tend to get less work done * Bosses dislike unorganised people because they can create havoc in the workplace * If you plan when to do things then you will have more free time to do what you want| Organisational | * Definition: Being organised is having a clean and tidy workspace where you can work to your maximum capacity. Being unorganised can be very annoying to other members of your team if you are in one * Unorganised network support managers won’t be able to keep track of the computers they manage. | Problem solving| * Definition: Problem solving is dealing with a situation as effectively as possible and getting an positive outcome * Being able to solve a problem quickly and efficiently will mean that you save time. * If you are an IT technician and you are unable to solve a problem than clients and customers will view you as unprofessional and that you don’t have the skills to be a technician. Creativity | * Definition: allowing yourself to make wild and crazy yet sensible ideas or suggestions. * It is important to be creative so that you can stand out in your workplace. * You can reach different audiences which will be good for business. * IT technicians need to be creative to be able to create programmes that are suited to the audience, for example a children’s programme. | Numeric| * Definition: using and applying mathematical skills in situations where it is needed. * When an IT Programmer is working they need to use numeric skills to code the software. Basic math skills will be needed for certain programs and you need to know how to do equations. | Team working| * Definition: working amongst a group of people while giving help and also receiving help. * You would be surprised how much you learn from your peers and colleagues. * A Programmer would need to work in a team to help complete the project to their best ability. | Time Management| * Definition: Spending time wisely and productively. * During a work project you need plan how you will use your time so you can finish the project to a good standard. If you canâ₠¬â„¢t manage your time properly then you will be delayed on tasks as you have basically wasted time. | ————————————————- 2. Describing the job role and stating the characteristics Grade P2, P3, P4, D1 For this part of the section you will be looking at various job roles and you will write down the job and a description of the job. You will then have to write down the characteristics requirements for each job role. For the characteristic that you have specified you will need to explain why a specific characteristic is needed for each job. Task 2 For P2 you need to: Create a table with two columns, regarding job role and descriptions List the different type of roles that can be found in the ICT sector Describe each of the job roles P2 -Evidence to be submitted: 1. A table with a list of jobs and job roles. P2 Roles and Responsibilities in IT Job Job Title| Roles and Responsibilities| Desired Personal characteristics| 1. Network Technician| Computer network technicians build and maintain computer networks used by business, education, government, and health-care institutions. Networks linking desktop computers allow users to send electronic mail (e-mail) and to share data, computer applications, and Internet connections. As more institutions establish computer networks, the demand for skilled computer network technicians will grow. | Time management is really important as you may have a lot of work to do on a deadline. Problem working skills are also important because you may need to analyse a problem before working it out. You also need to solve a problem as quickly as possibly but also as efficiently as possible. 2. Website Developer| The web designer has the responsibility of the design and format of the website. They also have to responsibility for coding the website. They also have the responsibility to update any software and the system also maintenance of the website. | Creativity is important as they have to design a website that is original and stands out from the rest of the competition. Another skill is problem solving. This is needed because t here might be faults and glitches in the system that makes using the website hard for users. So the designer needs to iron out any glitches. | 3. Systems programmer| A programmer needs to research and examine current systems. They need to work well other colleagues in the design and analyst compartment. They have to write the software need to find faults with any programs. | You need problem solving skills as you have to find faults with a program and then fix it another skill is analytical skills. This is needed because you have to be able to solve complexes and uncomplicated problems. This is also similar to problem solving skills. 4. Data administrator| A database administrator has the role monitoring the performance, integrity and security of a database. | They need to have team working skills because they control the data base of the company in a team; this is because in a team they will work more efficiently. Also they need to have problem solving skills because if users of the database are having problems they need to solve as quickly and efficiently as possible. | 5. Network manager| As a network manager, you have two  roles. You’ll be responsible for installing and maintaining the company’s computer networks, and also to train staff to provide first rate technical support. | As a network manager you will need to have problem solving skills, this is because you may face problems in the networks that you need to solve. Also you need to have team working skills as you will be working in a team and you will need to work with them efficiently. Furthermore you must have communication skills, because you will need to teach staff and communicate well with them. Some other interpersonal skills needed are the ability to communicate face to face and have clear written communication also listening skills is important. | 6. Technical writer| The roles and responsibilities of a technical writer is that they must ensure their audience understands the text. This is because their job is to make complex technical information sound relatively easy. | They need communication skills; this is because they need make information easy to understand instead of a technical jargon which many consumers do not understand. Also they need to have team working skills, as they will be most of the time working in a team. | Source from www. wikipedia. com Task 3 For P3 you need to: Create a booklet regarding ONE job role List the characteristics needed for the specific job role P3 -Evidence to be submitted: 1. A booklet with ONE jobs and job characteristics Task 4 For M1 you need to: Extend the booklet -Explain why certain characteristics are needed for the specific jobs. Evidence to be submitted: 1. A booklet with a list of jobs, job characteristics and explanation of specific characteristic requirements Why certain characteristics are important for system analysts (M1) This essay will be highlighting the important skills that are required for a system analyst. Characteristic that are required for a system analyst are: * Interpersonal skills * Analytical skills * Organisational skills * Technical skills * Maintenance * Team working * Communicational * Time Management * Flexibility * Adaptability * Tolerance * Integrity * Determination and self-motivation Interpersonal skills The system analyst needs to be able to interact and communicate with the organization, business and colleagues in order to solve problems. Interpersonal skills consist of many things; communicating with others, but also our confidence and our capability to listen and understand. Problem solving, decision making and personal stress management are also considered interpersonal skills. System analyst need to be able to clarify their ideas and judgment. System analyst with sound interpersonal skills can identify which are the best ways of collaborating with system users. Analytical skills Analytical skills are the ability to visualize and solve both uncomplicated and complex problems and concepts and make decisions that are appropriate to the situation. Analytical skills can be referred to as problem solving skills, and this is an essential skill needed, as a system analyst. System analyst need to be able to have the ability to see things as systems, identify, analyze, and troubleshoot or solve problems in an optimal way for a specific organization. Also, as a system analyst you have to be able to be an active learner, complex problem solver, active listener, critical and logical thinker. Organisational skills Organizational skills are to be able to plan ahead, timetabling, working deadlines and meeting them. Furthermore, being organized helps you to know what is expected of you each day and to be prepared to meet those expectations. As a system analyst, being organized is important because you will have to meet deadline, complete all tasks at a high standard. If you are not fully organized this means that you will fail tasks and produce low quality grade work which could evidently get you in trouble with the business and resulting in your dismissal from the workplace. Technical skills Technical skills are ability to understand how computers, data networks, databases and operating systems work. You need to have good knowledge and understanding of hardware and software as it is to know what exactly you are analyzing. Technical skills are important for system analyst as they need to be able to decipher problems, and having knowledge of computer and network systems and of IT on a macro level. This will help to be able to provide solutions to system users. Team working Team working is the process of working collaboratively with a group of people (strangers and colleagues alike) in order to achieve a goal. Team working skills are crucial in businesses. Teamwork means that people will try to cooperate and participate, using their individual skills and providing constructive feedback, despite any personal conflict between individuals. Theoretically they all pitch in ideas to make a transformed hybrid super idea. System analyst need to be interactive when working within a group because you share different expertise and you can get more knowledge from the people in the group. Also, to be able examine systems more efficiently and quickly. Maintenance Maintenance is when you uphold and preserve a system frequently instead of neglecting it. This helps stop problems as everything is up to date. Maintenance can be used for repairing and providing solutions. System analysts are responsible for the operating system and associated alternate systems. Provide system-level support of multi-user operating systems, hardware and software tools, including installation, configuration, maintenance, and support of these systems. System analyst need to keep their work in mint conditions; have lots of responsibility of systems and be prepared in order to solve problems. Communicational skills Communicational skills include effective interpersonal communication (written, verbal, visual, electronic, face-to-face conversations, presentations in front of groups), listening, and group skills. The purpose of communication is to get your message across to others clearly. Communicational skills are life skills and needed not only in businesses or organisation they are also acquired on day to day living. As a system analyst, it is significant and valuable to have communicational skills as they need to talk to and interact with system users to find what they do, and their colleagues for information. As well as, system analyst look at current existing systems and problems in those systems, therefore they have to interview users to find their findings and solve the problem they are trying to resolve. They need good communicational skills, as they take part in business speaking, business writing, interviewing, listening, technical discussion and technical writing. Flexibility The general, basic definition of flexibility is not similar to this type of definition of flexibility. For system analyst, their timetable and plan needs to be flexible, this means can adjust to change for a day. For instance, if they have organised or planned for a day of communicating and interacting with system users, but instead they had a business meeting, then they have to adjust to it. Adaptability Adaptation is a natural process that all organisms have gone through. However in these circumstances there is altered. It still has the same principle which is that you change a feature that evidently means you work better. Adaptability is the ability to change to fit changed circumstances. This is similar to flexibility, as they need to adapt to changes in their timetable. Tolerance Tolerance is having the capacity to remain patient at difficult times. This is vital for every occupation, but as a system analyst, they will need to communicate and work in team with others most of the time, so having tolerance and be patient at times, like when interviewing or asking system users, working with others at difficult times, they need be tolerant, in order to prevent conflict or argument which can cause trouble in work. Integrity Integrity is the quality of being honest, truthful and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness. As a system analyst, your integrity is your honesty and respect and sense of duty in work, and in life. Your employer needs to be able to trust you and you need to have a good bond between you and your employer and colleague’s, because then you can have more responsibility and because of this, your employer will give you a higher priority in your profession. Your integrity creates bonds in your workplace. Determination and self-motivation System analyst need to have ambitions or desire to achieve or succeed in a given situation. (E. g. Self-belief and determination in solving a technical problem) Determination and motivation will make the system analyst more focused and concentrated on their work and they will harder to try to achieve something, they will have full control of their work and have the confidence to complete all given tasks. This is a useful skill for anyone; it also helps parts of organizational skills. Source: www. wikipedia. com (Written report explaining characteristics for jobs) (Extension of booklet explaining the characteristics of certain jobs) Task 5 Dave Tipton the director of the agency needs a specific person to work for the agency. You have been given a set of characteristics from the director for which you will determine the best person for the job and will have to justify your choice. The following characteristics are: Good communication skills Problem solving Time management Confident Dependable Technically Strong Qualifications: MCP Microsoft XP MCP Microsoft 2003 Cisco CCNA For D1 you need to: Write a written report to justify the job role which meets the above criteria. Evidence to be submitted: Written report for your justification Task 2- A network technician (D1) Jasmine Zerbanski is suited for the job role of a Network Technician. A Network technician has many responsibilities for a business or organization that they work for. The normal job of a network technician involves monitoring network activity; configuring network equipment; analysing network security; and dealing with cables, especially in connection ports. There are array of skills required for being a network technician and some of these skills include: Planning, analysing, communication and problem solving skills. Jasmine Zerbanski is suited for this job because she has good communication skills. This is important as she can interact with users and colleagues clearly and effectively. Although she is a little shy, she easily overcomes this and works very well individually and with others. She is highly self-motivated and is capable of producing quality work. Jasmine has amazing analytical skills; this means that she can identify network errors quickly. Jasmine has experience with creating and maintaining networks. Jasmine has built a small network in her home, and this shows her ingenuity and creativity skills. Creativity skills are essential for a technician as they are able to come up with original ideas that make the life of the users easier. Jasmine has interpersonal skills. She has demonstrated that she is able to interact with other people. She has the ability to plan multiple tasks, and perform them to the highest quality. This is stated in her reference. She can diagnose IT problems, predict and forecast things and identify relevant casual factors and does goal setting. She is very well organised, she is able to put her work into a timetable and meet deadlines, and she has very good organisational and time management skills, she can control time over specific activities, as a network technician you need to manage your time, when you solve problems. Jasmine has team working skills, she is able to work with other people in groups to identify and solve IT problems; she is able to communicate with other people. She has numeric skills, as an IT technician, you need numeric skills in order to use different methods on how to solve problems. She can solve problems (problem solving skills, she has the intelligence to use different methods in solving problems and she is capable of quality work, so as a technician she will be able to solve and fix different hardware’s and software’s and many other IT inventions. She also possesses good written communication skills. This is useful in she ever needs to write notes and hand written letters. Overall, Jasmine Zerbanski is most suitable for the role as a Network technician. She has many useful skills which coincide with being a network technician.

Tennessee Temple

Islam is the religion articulated by the Quran, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of the single incomparable God and by the Islamic prophet Muhammad's demonstrations and real-life examples. The word Islam is a homograph, having multiple meanings which are directly interpret as peace. Other meanings include submission or the total surrender of oneself to God. The origin of Islam dates back to the creation of the world. All the prophets who came to this world preached the same message of believing in one God and to accept them as His messenger. The prophets were also blessed with a manifestation of divine will or truth. Likewise, Prophet Mohammad was also a messenger of God. He revealed the truth and the way of life through the Holy Quran. Before the birth of Prophet Mohammad, the Arab society was sunk into darkness. Although the Arabs believed in the unity of God, but they also claimed that God has entrusted His duties to various gods, goddesses and idols. For this purpose, they had more than 360 idols. They considered angels as the daughters of God. They were ignorant of social values. They were nomadic people who were dependent on cattle for their living. There was no government or law. All power existed with the rich. The society was full of barbarity and brutality. Tribes fought with each other over trivial matters for centuries. A slight argument over horses or water could lead to the slaughtering of thousands of innocent people. It was the birth of Prophet Mohammad in 570 A. D in the city of Makkah which brought a revolution to the entire fate of the nomadic Arabs. He became famous among the people of Makkah at a very early age because of his allegiance and reliability. He was widely known as Al-Ameen or honest, trustworthy. At the age of 40, when Mohammad was meditating at Mt. Hera, he received a revelation from God. The angel Gabriel said to him, â€Å"Iqra† which means â€Å"to read†. Mohammad replied â€Å"I cannot read†. Gabriel embraced and released him. Then the first five verses of God were revealed to him who said, â€Å"Recite in the name of your Lord who created! He created man, out of a (mere) clo th of congealed blood. Recite; and thy Lord is most bountiful. He who had taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not. † Mohammad started proclaiming the message of believing in one God. The people who once called him â€Å"Trustworthy† and â€Å"Honest† boycotted and plotted to kill him. In 622 A. D. , due to worsening living conditions and social isolation, was broken in 629 A. D by the non-Muslims of the Makkans. Mohammad moved towards Makkah with 10,000 men and the battle was won without a single Prophet Mohammad migrated to Medina along with his followers. This flight was known as Hijrah and marks the beginning of the Muslims calendar. Mohammad's message spread rapidly and the number of followers increased in Medina. During the next few years, a series of battles were fought between various tribes of Makkah and the Muslims of Medina. In 628 A. D, the Treaty of Hudaibiyah was signed between the two parties. Truce was declared for 10 years. The treaty bloodshed. Mohammad died in 632 A. D, at the age of 63 in the city of Medina. Mohammad's death brought a huge catastrophe among Muslims. People could not believe that Mohammad had left them forever. Many of the followers were perplexed and distraught, and claimed him to be still living. At that time Mohammad funeral, Abu Bakr, who was the most respected of all the followers affirmed that, â€Å"O people, those of you who worshipped Mohammad, Mohammad has died. And those of you who worshipped God, God is still living. † Now being a Muslim requires that they read their Quran or their bible. â€Å"Reading† The Quran is the â€Å"Word of God† to Islam. About 4/5 the length of the New Testament. Muslims believe the identical book is in Heaven and Allah sent the angel Gabriel to Mohammed to reveal his â€Å"Word†. The Quran is divided into 114 chapters or Surahs. The Surahs are revelations given to Mohammed during his 23 years of â€Å"Prophet Hood† from 610 AD to 632 AD. The Quran, composed during Mohammed’s lifetime corresponds to the time and circumstances of his life. The Surahs or chapters can be divided into three time periods. The earliest Surahs are the shortest and known as Early Meccan, and date from 610 to 622 AD. Composed in Mecca, prior to Hejira where Mohammed fled to Medina in September 622 AD. The Median Surahs were composed during the time Muslims controlled the city of Medina. They date from 622 to 630 AD. The doctrine of Jihad was introduced as war was waged against Mecca and its idol worshipers. Animosity toward the Jews and Christians increased as they rejected Mohammed as a prophet from God. Late Meccan Surahs were between 630 and 632 AD. The last 2 years of Mohammed’s life after Mecca surrendered to his authority. Surahs were at this time not collected in one book but were memorized and collected on various items. In the battle of Yamamah in 633 AD many of the Hafiz died. The Hafiz were Muslims who had committed much of the Quran to memory. With the urging of Umar, Zayd ibn Thabit, one of Mohammed most trusted secretaries was appointed to the task of collecting the Quran into one book. Still later after different versions of the Quran began to appear Zayd was put in charge of collecting all the Qurans throughout the Muslim world and issuing an authorized copy in the place of one’s collected. The Quran makes the appeal to its beauty and consistency with previous scriptures as proof of its inspiration. The teaching of Quran and Hadith (sayings of Prophet Mohammad) revolves around two Arabic words namely, Emaan (Faith) and Amaal (Acts). Emaan is like the roots of a tree and Amaal are the stems, leaves or other parts of it. Just as without the roots, the tree cannot survive, similarly, without faith, the acts are useless. The teachings of Quran emphasize mostly on the beliefs and an overview the acts, whereas the Hadith explains both beliefs and acts in details. Muslims believe that although there may be reservations in the Hadith, but Quran is free from all the mistakes and is infallible. Quran is comprised of 114 Surahs (chapters) and 6236 Ayats (verses). Quran was preserved through writing and memorization. Undoubtedly, today Quran is the only book which is fully memorized by more than 10 million people all over the world. The teachings of Quran confirm the revelations of other books and scriptures on various prophets. But, at the same time, all these books are considered to be corrupted with time and do not contain the original script of God. The six articles of faith are the main doctrines of Islam. All Muslims share beliefs in God, Angels, Scriptures, Prophets, Resurrection and Divine Creed. They also believe in the five pillars of faith. These are duties each Muslim performs to demonstrate his or her faith. They include: Testimony of Faith, Prayer, Almsgiving, Fasting and Pilgrimage or taking a trip somewhere.